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on Efficiency and Productivity |
| By: | Tommaso Agasisti (School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy); Gaetano Francesco Coppeta (Department of Management, Economics & Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the efficiency of Italian universities, comparing public, private, and online (telematic) institutions over the period 2015-2022. This paper is the first study on the efficiency of online universities in Italy. Using a Generalized True Random Effect (GTRE) stochastic frontier model, we disentangle persistent and transient inefficiencies while accounting for unobserved heterogeneity. Results reveal significant differences across university types, especially when research output is included in the production function. Online universities, despite their rapid growth, exhibit lower efficiency scores due to limited research activity. Our findings suggest that institutional missions and structural configurations shape performance, and that efficiency assessments should reflect the multiple universities’ goals of teaching, research and third mission. |
| Keywords: | Efficiency, Higher Education Institutions, Online universities Stochastic frontier, Italy |
| JEL: | I23 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipu:wpaper:122 |
| By: | Vaiknoras, Kate A. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343609 |
| By: | Lee, Seo Woo; Swinton, Scott M. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343620 |
| By: | Kwon, Suyeon; Suh, Dong Hee |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343632 |
| By: | Miranda De Souza Almeida, Felipe |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Production Economics, International Development |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343849 |
| By: | Kurniady, Alvin |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new production function that takes into account self-learning AI, which can improve itself and therefore productivity without any additional human capital or labor, even though it still requires physical capital. The difference between my production function and any other existing production function is that my production function separates technologies into self-learning and non-self-learning technologies. The value of exponent for the self-learning technologies depends on the value of its base and this is the unique recursive feature of my production function. Unlike in the Mankiw-Romer-Weil production function, in my production function, technology and labor force are separated and this is allowed because I make the technology endogenous. My production function leads to only two possibilities, which are an economy that is in balanced growth path (BGP), and an economy that is in accelerating growth path. The determining factor that decides whether an economy is in BGP or not is the exponent for the self-learning technologies in my production function. If the sum of all exponents is less or equal to 1, then the economy is in BGP, which is consistent with Mankiw-Romer-Weil (1992). If the sum of all exponents is greater than 1, then the economy is in accelerating growth path, which is consistent with Romer (1986). There is no steady state in my production function. I also rule out the possibility of singularity. I support my production function with empirical evidences that confirm that my production function is quite accurate and quite useful for cross-countries comparison. Furthermore, I conduct simulations that show how the U.S economy will transition from balanced growth path to accelerating growth path. |
| Keywords: | Self-learning AI; Production function; Economic growth; Total output; Recursive learning |
| JEL: | O41 |
| Date: | 2025–12–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127275 |
| By: | Elan Satriawan (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Esa Azali Asyahid (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Wisnu Setiadi Nugroho (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Rimawan Pradiptyo (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Ranjan Shrestha (Department of Economics, College of Arts and Sciences, The College of William & Mary) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of temperature on labor productivity in Indonesian household-based enterprises. We combine data on micro and small enterprises from the Indonesian Family Life Survey with historical temperature data to estimate the effect of an increase in temperature on labor productivity, proxied by revenue per worker. Our empirical strategy relies on plausibly exogenous temporal variations in temperature within each geographic area. The results indicate that holding an enterprise’s production function fixed, a 1 °C increase in the 12-month average temperature reduces revenue per worker by 16%. Additional analyses using deviations from long-term monthly average temperatures, which reduce seasonality concerns, yield similar results, as year-month fixed effects are already incorporated. The findings highlight the significant impact of temperature changes on labor productivity in vulnerable economic sectors, emphasizing the need for targeted policies to enhance climate resilience in Indonesia's household-based enterprises. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Indonesia, Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), Micro and Small Household-based Enterprises |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 I31 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202507007 |
| By: | Suleyman Faruk Gozen; David Hong; Mehmet Furkan Karaca |
| Abstract: | We study how non-rival intangible capital interacts with borrowing structure and financial frictions to shape firm dynamics over business cycles. We show: (i) the positive and significant association between intangible-capital growth and labor productivity growth becomes smaller in recessions; (ii) the non-rivalry of intangible capital is evident such that intangible growth predicts faster sales growth and broader firm scope, yet this relationship declines in recessions; (iii) intangible-intensive firms carry less total and secured debt, and substitute toward earnings-based covenant (EBC) borrowing over asset-based covenant (ABC) borrowing; and (iv) intangible-intensive firms with EBC have tightening financially constraints in recessions, which mitigates the productivity payoff of non-rival intangibles. We rationalize these patterns in a general-equilibrium model in which firms draw EBC/ABC constraints at entry and intangibles are non-rival in the firm production technology. The model yields a creditamplification mechanism with heterogeneous borrowing types, reconciling the productivity slowdown despite rising intangibles |
| Date: | 2025–04–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bri:uobdis:25/815 |
| By: | M. Sadra Heydari; Zafer Kanik; Santiago Montoya-Bland\'on |
| Abstract: | We introduce heterogeneous R&D productivities into an endogenous R&D network formation model, generalizing the framework in Goyal and Moraga-Gonzalez (2001). Heterogeneous productivities endogenously create asymmetric gains for connecting firms: the less productive firm benefits disproportionately, while the more productive firm exerts greater R&D effort and incurs higher costs. For sufficiently large productivity gaps between two firms, the more productive firm experiences reduced profits from being connected to the less productive one. This overturns the benchmark results on pairwise stable networks: for sufficiently large productivity gaps, the complete network becomes unstable, whereas the Positive Assortative (PA) network -- where firms cluster by productivity levels -- emerges as stable. Simulations show that the PA structure delivers higher welfare than the complete network; nevertheless, welfare under PA formation follows an inverted U-shape in the fraction of high-productivity firms, reflecting crowding-out effects at high fractions. Altogether, a counterintuitive finding emerges: economies with higher average R&D productivity may exhibit lower welfare through (i) the formation of alternative stable R&D network structures or (ii) a crowding-out effect of high-productivity firms. Our findings highlight that productivity-enhancing policies should account for their impact on endogenous R&D alliances and effort, as such endogenous responses may offset or even reverse the intended welfare gains. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.23337 |