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on Efficiency and Productivity |
| By: | Tibor Lalinsky (National Bank of Slovakia); Jaanika Merikull (Bank of Estonia); Paloma Lopez-Garcia (European Central Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how the Covid-19 pandemic and the extensive job retention support that accompanied it affected productivity in Europe. The focus is on the reallocation channel and productivity-enhancing reallocation of jobs, following Foster et al., 2016. An extensive micro-distributed analysis of firm-level data for 11 euro area countries is used. The unique firm-level datasets are constructed by merging balance-sheet and income-statement data with policy support data. The paper exploits variation in employment responsiveness to productivity over time, particularly examining the relationship between changes in employment responsiveness and the job retention support in 2020 and studying how well the support was targeted by firm productivity. Acknowledging limitations of a small set of countries covered and occasionally large confidence bounds around estimates, the findings suggest that (1) productivity-enhancing reallocation was weaker in the pandemic than in the Great Recession; (2) The countries that were more generous with job retention support and countries where more support was allocated to lowproductivity firms showed weaker productivity-enhancing reallocation in 2020. |
| JEL: | D22 H25 J38 L29 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:svk:wpaper:1105 |
| By: | Estévez, Andrés; Tovar Reaños , Miguel |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp784 |
| By: | Kofivi Dzegle (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Aude Ridier (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of environmental performance of dairy farms on milk production cost. Five classes of dairy farms' environmental performance are set based on the aggregation of two indicators linked to environmental services: climate regulation (GHG emissions) and water quality regulation (pollutant pressure in phytosanitary products). The analysis is based on accounting data from a panel of conventional dairy farms in Bretagne region between 2018 and 2021. Two methods are compared to asses the own cost of environmental services: the linear mixed effects model and the treatment effect method. Our results show that the marginal production costs induced by a higher environmental performance are marginaly increasing as a function of the performance classes. The results of both methods tested are consistent, mixed effects model better accounts for unobservable heterogeneity. |
| Keywords: | Environmental performance, Production cost, Dairy farms, Mixed effects model, Generalised propensity score |
| Date: | 2023–06–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04679325 |
| By: | De Loecker, Jan; Obermeier, Tim; Van Reenen, John |
| Abstract: | We review the existing literature on falling business dynamism and present a new analysis using comprehensive UK firm-level panel data. Since the mid-1990s, there has been a large increase in UK firm-level inequality (especially in the upper tails) of productivity, wages, markups and labour shares, similarly to the USA. We suggest a simple theoretical framework for understanding some of these trends and quantitatively analyse why, despite increasing markups, the UK labour share has not fallen as sharply as that in the USA. Finally, we suggest some policy options in response to these worrying trends, including modernizing competition rules to deal with the growth of superstar firms and strengthening worker bargaining power. |
| Keywords: | OUP deal |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2024–07–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121234 |
| By: | Heller, Anna Lena; Brunzema, Iska; Schlomann, Barbara |
| Abstract: | Energy poverty, characterized by a lack of access to reliable and affordable energy services, persists to be a critical global challenge with far-reaching socio-economic implications. As this also remains to be an urgent issue in the EU, measures alleviating energy poverty are critical to ensure a just energy transition. Instead of being a co-benefit of packages such as the Energy Efficiency first principle and only tackling the issue via social policies, the recast of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) mandate are treating energy poverty via energy efficiency measures. Thus, this paper focuses on energy efficiency policies that address energy poverty, based on the MURE database which contains energy efficiency measures of the EU Member States, Switzerland, and Energy Union partners. Recognizing the diverse nature of energy poverty across the EU, the European Commission guides Member States to adopt individualized approaches to combat this issue. To illustrate the different contexts and strategies, the paper includes case studies from Greece, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, and India. In the upcoming years, further policy measures alleviating energy poverty are to be expected due to the new requirements for the Member States in the EED and EPBD recast. This paper is intended to show examples of measures alleviating energy poverty that could be used to implement the future EU requirements in the Member States. |
| Keywords: | Energy poverty, energy efficiency policy, EU policy, case studies, reporting requirements |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:302185 |