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on Efficiency and Productivity |
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Issue of 2023‒01‒30
five papers chosen by |
| By: | Orosco Gavilán, Juan Carlos; Lopes Moreira Da Veiga, María Helena; Wiper, Michael Peter |
| Abstract: | In comparison with other regions such as Europe or the USA, there have been relatively few studies of efficiency in the higher education sector in South America. The main objective of this paper is to examine the teaching efficiency of Peruvian, public universities over the period 2011-2018, usingstochastic frontier analysis. Our results suggest that efficiency depends on both the operating time of the university and on the scientific production. We also show that the majority of universities studied maintain their efficiency levels over time, whereas, most of the young universities started off as very inefficient, but have improved their efficiency over time. |
| Keywords: | Higher Education; Peru; Efficiency; Stochastic Frontier Analysis; Exogenous Variables |
| Date: | 2023–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:wsrepe:36250&r=eff |
| By: | Anthony Savagar |
| Abstract: | I study the effect of dynamic firm entry, scale economies and oligopolistic competition on measured productivity and output amplification. These features cause measured productivity (Solow residual) to exceed pure technology. I decompose measured productivity into pure technology and an endogenous component that is caused by firm-level output variation interacting with increasing returns to scale. In turn, I show that firm-level output variation depends on economic profits and markups that vary in response to dynamic entry and oligopolistic competition. I estimate the pure technology series adjusted for profits and markups and show that it is less volatile and more persistent than a benchmark model, whilst still generating output amplification. |
| Keywords: | Markups, Firm Entry, Productivity, Scale Economies, Oligopolistic Competition |
| JEL: | E32 D21 D43 L13 C62 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfm:wpaper:2110&r=eff |
| By: | Eristian Wibisono; ; |
| Abstract: | Macroeconomic and microeconomic literature has raised the impact of FDI knowledge and technology spillovers in the host economy. However, there is still a research gap in addressing this topic in the knowledge economy. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this paper demonstrates the performance of FDI spillovers and their impact on the productivity of domestic firms in emerging and transition economies in Europe. Poland is the largest country in the Visegrad group but provides limited studies on FDI experience. The paper then shows the geographic distribution of FDI across Polish regions, where the western and eastern regions appear very different. There is a significant positive impact of FDI presence on the productivity of foreign-affiliated domestic firms. Unfortunately, the presence of FDI in these regions is not significant enough to induce knowledge and technology spillovers to improve firm productivity. The effectiveness of FDI knowledge and technology in boosting the productivity of the local economy may be worth questioning. Therefore, comparable spatial studies are encouraged to be conducted in future research with a more complete and robust data structure which is recognized as a limitation of this study. |
| Keywords: | FDI; knowledge and technology; spillovers; Visegrad; Poland; spatial dependencies |
| JEL: | B27 E22 O52 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2301&r=eff |
| By: | Magazzino, Cosimo; Alola, Andrew Adewale; Schneider, Nicolas |
| Abstract: | While the deployment of technological innovation was able to avert a devastating global supply chain fallout arising from the impact of ravaging COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, little is known about potential environmental cost of such achievement. The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of logistics performance and investigate its empirical linkages with economic and environmental indicators. We built a macro-level dataset for the top 25 ranked logistics countries from 2007 to 2018, conducting a set of panel data tests on cross-sectional dependence, stationarity and cointegration, to provide preliminary insights. Empirical estimates from Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), and Quantile Regression (QR) model suggest that technological innovation, Human Development Index (HDI), urbanization, and trade openness significantly boost logistic performance, whereas employment and Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) fail to respond in such a desirable path. In turn, an increase in the Logistic Performance Index (LPI) is found to worsen economic growth. Finally, LPI exhibits a large positive effect on carbon emissions, which is congruent with a strand of the literature highlighting that the modern supply chain is far from being decarbonized. Thus, this evidence further suggest that more global efforts should be geared to attain a sustainable logistics. |
| Keywords: | CO emissions; Economic growth; Green supply chain management; Logistics performance; Panel data; Quantile regression |
| JEL: | L91 L92 N70 |
| Date: | 2021–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117654&r=eff |
| By: | Joan Costa-Font (LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science, IZA - Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit - Institute of Labor Economics, CESifo - Center for Economic Studies and Ifo for Economic Research - CESifo Group Munich); Sarah Fleche (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, CEP - LSE - Centre for Economic Performance - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ricardo Pagan (University of Málaga) |
| Abstract: | The proportion of people sleeping less than the daily-recommended hours has increased. Yet, we know little about the labour market returns to sleep. We use longitudinal data from Germany and exploit exogenous variation in sleep duration induced by time and local variations in sunset time. We find that a 1-hour increase in weekly sleep increases employment by 1.6 percentage points and weekly earnings by 3.4%. Most of this earnings effect comes from productivity improvements, while the number of working hours decreases with sleep time. We identify one mechanism driving these effects, namely the better mental health workers experience from sleeping more hours. |
| Keywords: | sleep, employment, productivity, mental health, sunset times |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03887490&r=eff |