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on Efficiency and Productivity |
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Issue of 2009‒08‒16
nine papers chosen by |
| By: | Deb Kusum Das |
| Abstract: | An attempt is made to compute the aggregate productivity growth using the Domar aggregation technique. Building up from the Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) estimates for 3-digit industries, we have used Domar weights to computed total factor productivity (TFP) growth for selected 10, 2-digit industries for the period 1980-2000. [ICRIER WP no. 239]. |
| Keywords: | total factor productivity (TFP), TFP, Productivity growth, Domar aggregation, aggregate value added, productivity, industries, Indian manufacturing, industrial sector, Indian economy, manufacturing, Indian, manufacturing, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2169&r=eff |
| By: | Fogarasi, Jozsef; Latruffe, Laure |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the difference in technical efficiency and in productivity change, and the technology gaps, between French and Hungarian farms in the dairy and cereal, oilseeds and proteinseeds (COP) sectors during the period 2001-2004. The analyses are performed with national FADN data and the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach under each countryâs respective frontier and under a metafrontier. Results revealed that in both the dairy and the COP sectors, Hungarian farmsâ technology was the more productive, despite a technological deterioration. This suggests technological advantages for large-scale (Hungarian) over small-scale (French) farming in these two sectors. These findings may also be explained by the higher policy support in France. Subsidies received by farms have indeed a stronger negative impact on technical efficiency for French farms than for Hungarian farms, and a negative impact on the ability to lead the technology only for French farms. |
| Keywords: | technology gap, technical efficiency, Malmquist indices, subsidies, farms, Production Economics, P51, D24, Q12, |
| Date: | 2009–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc09:51053&r=eff |
| By: | Baldwin, John R.; Gu, Wulong |
| Abstract: | Baldwin and Gu (2008) provide an overview of the productivity program at Statistics Canada and a brief description of Canada's productivity performance. This paper provides an update of Canada's productivity performance in more recent years and analyses the sources of weak productivity performance in Canada since 2000. |
| Keywords: | Economic accounts, Productivity accounts |
| Date: | 2009–08–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stc:stcp6e:2009025e&r=eff |
| By: | Carroll, J.; Greene, S.; OâDonoghue, C.; Newman, C.; Thorne, F. |
| Abstract: | The competitiveness and productivity of Irish agriculture has been at the forefront of debate in recent times given successive and impending changes to agricultural policy. This paper examines the trend in total factor productivity in Irish agriculture over the recent past and explores the effects of specific variables on relative efficiency levels. The findings of this research have shown that productivity growth was highest in the Cattle Rearing sector followed by the Dairy, Cattle Finishing, Sheep and Cereals sectors during the period 1996 to 2006. The research has also shown that efficiency levels are, in general, positively correlated with extension use soil quality, the overall size of the farm, the level of intensification and the level of specialisation. The use of artificial insemination was also positively correlated with efficiency in the Dairy sector |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, |
| Date: | 2009–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc09:50941&r=eff |
| By: | Chonjoo Lee (Defense Science and Technology Department, Korea National Defense University); Ji Yong-Bae (Defense and Technology Department, Korea National Defense University) |
| Abstract: | In this presentation, we present a procedure and an illustrative application of a user-written Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) program in Stata. DEA is a linear programming method for assessing the efficiency and productivity of units and a popular managerial tool for measuring performance of organizations. It has been used widely for assessing the efficiency of public and private sectors, such as banks, airlines, hospitals, universities, defense firms, and manufacturers. The DEA program in Stata will allow DEA users to easily access the Stata system and to conduct not only the standard optimization procedure but also more extended managerial analysis. The Mata programming, an extension of the DEA program code developed in the Stata programming language, will be discussed for the cases where the data capacity matters. We will also discuss the returns to scale options in DEA. Unfortunately, to date no DEA options are available in Stata, but an SFA model is available. The user-written DEA approach in Stata will provide some possible future extensions of Stata programming in DEA. |
| Date: | 2009–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:dcon09:4&r=eff |
| By: | Jeruzalski, Tomasz; Tyrowicz, Joanna |
| Abstract: | This paper approaches the question of efficiency in job placement using regional data for Polish regions (policy relevant NUTS 4 level) over the time span of 2000-2008. Using a unique data set we estimate the matching function using stochastic frontier as well as difference-in-difference estimators. We use also managed to combine this unique data set with another unique source of data on the ALMPs coverage, unemployment structure across time and regions as well as the individual capacity of local labour offices. We use these data to explain the exceptional variation in estimated efficiency scores. Our findings suggest that matching abilities are highly driven by demand fluctuations, while unemployment structure, ALMPs and individual labour office capacities have little explanatory power. Although without individual data it is fairly impossible to provide a reliable counterfactual, we raise some arguments to support the claim of job placement inefficiency by public employment services in Poland. |
| Keywords: | matching function; stochastic frontier; Poland |
| JEL: | P36 C78 J64 C33 |
| Date: | 2009–08–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:16598&r=eff |
| By: | Armida Alisjahbana (Department of Economics, Padjadjaran University) |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits Indonesia’s sources of economic growth using the Growth Accounting Framework with education adjusted employment for period 1971-2007. The study estimates contribution of growth in capital stock, human capital and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) during the period before and after the crisis. TFP played positive but minor role in Indonesia’s economic growth before the crisis. Growth in capital stock had been the main driver, attributing between 50-70% of growth. Growth in human capital accounted for another 30%. The pattern of sources of growth has changed substantially post crisis. TFP growth has played a more significant role, whereas capital stock growth has been increasing but at a meager pace. Human capital has consistently contributed about 30% to the overall growth. The roles of capital stock growth, human capital growth and TFP have been on a more equal footing after post-crisis. If this trend persists, it will have profound implication on the driver of Indonesian economy’s growth in the future and its trajectory projection towards 2030. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth, Total Factor Productivity, Indonesia 2030 |
| JEL: | E37 |
| Date: | 2009–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unp:wpaper:200905&r=eff |
| By: | Kirwan, Susanne; Thomson, K.J; Edwards, I.E; Stott, A.W. |
| Abstract: | Sheep welfare is an emerging topic in research and food marketing, and recent studies suggest that farm labour is a key factor for both animal welfare and productivity in extensive sheep farming systems, although little research has been done into labour utilisation in these systems. This paper reports field data collection on two commercial farms and the use of a linear programming (LP) model to link labour economics and animal welfare analysis. The model maximises the number of ewes to clooked after over the lambing period, when constrained by labour availability for various key tasks and by a pre-determined level of sheep welfare. The results show a trade-off between welfare level and labour input per sheep. Dropping tasks with less significant welfare and productivity consequences is an effective way of increasing carrying capacity (from 977 ewes/shepherd to 1428), as is working longer hours (1174 ewes/shepherd) or only doing the legal minimum of welfare checking (labour reduced from 0.68 min/ewe to 0.44 min/ewe) . The field data suggest that farmers currently provide high welfare, and that, despite much time spent away from the flock (e.g. driving), they spend a large amount of time (39% of total) with their sheep. |
| Keywords: | Labour, Sheep, Linear Programming, Animal Welfare, Livestock Production/Industries, Q10, Q19, Y1, |
| Date: | 2009–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc09:51060&r=eff |
| By: | Smyth, Paul; Harte, Laurence; Hennessy, Thia |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relationship between calving date and production costs on Irish dairy farms from 2000-2007. Using data from the National Farm Survey, the median calving dates of 400 dairy farms are studied each year using econometric analysis to determine the relationship between calving date and production costs. Farms are divided into five categories according to their median calving date. These categories are imputed into a panel dataset as dummy variables. Unobservable individual effects are controlled for using a fixed effect model; examples of such effects are land quality and managerial ability, Results suggest that when scale and those unobserved effects are controlled for, there was no significant difference in total cost of production per litre according to median calving date |
| Keywords: | Seasonality, Fixed effect, Calving date, Production Economics, |
| Date: | 2009–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc09:51076&r=eff |