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on Education |
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Issue of 2014‒09‒25
eight papers chosen by João Carlos Correia Leitão Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Ricardo Estrada (PSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - CNRS : UMR8545 - École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) - École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC) - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris - Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), EEP-PSE - Ecole d'Économie de Paris - Paris School of Economics - Ecole d'Économie de Paris); Jérémie Gignoux (PSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - CNRS : UMR8545 - École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) - École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC) - École normale supérieure [ENS] - Paris - Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA), EEP-PSE - Ecole d'Économie de Paris - Paris School of Economics - Ecole d'Économie de Paris) |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of admission into elite public high schools in Mexico City on students' expected earnings, arguing these effects provide an indication of the value-added those schools produce. Using data for the centralized and exam-based allocation of students into schools and an adapted regression discontinuity design strategy, we find that admission substantially increases learning achievement, and also the future earnings and returns students expect from a college education, but no effect on the earnings expected with high school education alone. This suggests that students believe that the benefits from their elite education are complements to a college education. |
| Keywords: | Elite high schools ; Earnings expectations ; Returns to education ; Beliefs formation |
| Date: | 2014–02–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00951763&r=edu |
| By: | Anna Makles (Wuppertal Research Institute for the Economics of Education (WIB), University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany); Kerstin Schneider (Wuppertal Research Institute for the Economics of Education (WIB), University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany) |
| Abstract: | This paper adds to the literature on extracurricular early childhood education and child development by exploiting unique data on an educational project in Germany, the Junior University (JU). Utilizing a quasi-experimental study design, we estimate the causal short-term effect of JU enrollment on cognitive outcomes and show that attending extra science courses with preschool classes leads to significantly higher school readiness. Although the size of the effect is relatively small, the results are plausible and pass various robustness checks. Moreover, in comparison with other programs this intervention is cost-effective. |
| Keywords: | early childhood education, early interventions, school readiness |
| JEL: | I20 I21 I28 J13 |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bwu:schdps:sdp14012&r=edu |
| By: | Fairlie, Robert |
| Abstract: | Approximately 9 out of 10 high school students who have access to a home computer use that computer to complete school assignments. Do these home computers, however, improve educational outcomes? Using the Computer and Internet Use Supplement to the 2001 Current Population Survey, I explore whether access to home computers increases the likelihood of school enrollment among teenagers who have not graduated from high school. A comparison of school enrollment rates reveals that 95.2 percent of children who have home computers are enrolled in school, whereas only 85.4 percent of children who do not have home computers are enrolled in school. Controlling for family income, parental education, parental occupation and other observable characteristics in probit regressions for the probability of school enrollment, I find a difference of 1.4 percentage points. Although the evidence is mixed on whether the errors are correlated, I also estimate bivariate probit models for the joint probability of school enrollment and owning a home computer and find larger effects (7.7 percentage points). Use of computers and the Internet by the child's mother and father are used as exclusion restrictions. The estimates are not sensitive to alternative combinations of exclusion restrictions and alternative samples. |
| Keywords: | Education, Social and Behavioral Sciences, computers, technology, education, ICT |
| Date: | 2014–09–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucscec:qt82w8v1m8&r=edu |
| By: | Erich Battistin (Queen Mary University, IRVAPP and IZA); Michele De Nadai (University of Padua); Daniela Vuri (University of Rome Tor Vergata, IZA, CESifo and CEIS) |
| Abstract: | We derive bounds for the average of math and language scores of elementary school students in Italy correcting for pervasive score manipulation. Information on the fraction of manipulated data is retrieved from a natural experiment that randomly assigns external monitors to schools. We show how bounds can be tightened imposing restrictions on the measurement properties of the manipulation indicator developed by the government agency charged with test administration and data collection. We additionally assume that manipulation is more likely in those classes at the lower end of the distribution of true scores. Our results show that regional rankings by academic performance are reversed once manipulation is properly taken into account. |
| Keywords: | Corrupt sampling; Measurement error; Nonparametric bounds; Partial identification. |
| JEL: | C14 C31 C81 I21 J24 |
| Date: | 2014–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:329&r=edu |
| By: | Hermannsson, Kristinn; Lecca, Patrizio; Swales, J. Kim |
| Abstract: | Econometric analysis has been inconclusive in determining the contribution that increased skills have on macroeconomic performance whilst conventional growth accounting approaches to the same problem rest on restrictive assumptions. We propose an alternative micro-to-macro method which combines elements of growth accounting and numerical general equilibrium modelling. The usefulness of this approach for applied education policy analysis is demonstrated by evaluating the macroeconomic impact on the Scottish economy of a single graduation cohort from further education colleges. We find the macroeconomic impact to be significant. From a policy point of view this supports a revival of interest in the conventional teaching role of education institutions. |
| Keywords: | Graduates, Further Education Colleges, Labour Supply, Economic Impact, General Equilibrium, |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:edn:sirdps:548&r=edu |
| By: | Chatterji, Monojit; Mohan, Sushil; Dastidar, Sayantan Ghosh |
| Abstract: | Public education expenditure varies significantly across Indian states. Using data on sixteen Indian states from 2001-2010, the paper tries to identify the determinants of per capita education expenditure of state governments in India. The econometric findings indicate that richer states spend more on education compared to the poorer states. A lower share of child population (0-14 years) is found to significantly enhance education expenditure at the state level. We do not find any evidence that political factors such as political ideology of the ruling party and level of corruption affect education expenditure of state governments. |
| Keywords: | public education expenditure, public policy, Indian states, panel data, |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:edn:sirdps:562&r=edu |
| By: | Natalia Mayorova (Modern tradng "North-South" Department - Moscow State University of Food Production) |
| Abstract: | The article analyses theoretical questions on the formation of new economic relations structures connected with the organization and provision of educational services. It is shown that modern educational functionality has led to the separation of the educational space category as part of social space with the corresponding economic relations and motives which will objectively predetermine the priority trends of the development of an education system. Processes of interaction between a society and an intellectual elite are carried out by means of various mechanisms, and the roots of this interaction lie in society's traditional social institutes. |
| Keywords: | EDUCATION; ECONOMIC RELATIONS; EDUCATIONAL SERVICES; POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTRADICTIONS; UNIVERSAL ELECTRONIC CARD, BUDGETARY FINANCING; SOCIAL SYSTEM; EDUCATION SYSTEM |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01058979&r=edu |
| By: | Hottenrott, Hanna; Lawson, Cornelia (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | Academic researchers face mobility related decisions throughout their careers. We study the importance of team and organisational characteristics of the home departments for career choices of departing researchers in the fields of science and engineering at higher education institutions in Germany. We find that the organisational environments–the nests–shape career paths. Research funding, research performance in terms of patents and publications as well as the industry ties of department heads shape job choices. In particular, public research grants increase the probability that departing researchers take a research job at a university or public research centre, while grants from industry increase the likelihood that they take a job in industry. Publication performance of the department head relates to R&D jobs in public, but not in industry and patents predict the probability that departing researchers will move to small and medium-sized firms. For these firms seeking technological knowledge from former university employees may be particularly crucial. Academic start-ups are more likely to be a job destination for departing researchers from technical universities, from departments with higher publication output and with a research focus on experimental development. |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:201409&r=edu |