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on Education |
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Issue of 2010‒06‒11
fourteen papers chosen by Joao Carlos Correia Leitao University of Beira Interior and Technical University of Lisbon |
| By: | Sjögren, Anna (IFAU - Institute for Labour Market Policy Evaluation) |
| Abstract: | Swedish elementary school children stopped receiving written end of year report cards following a grading reform in 1982. Gradual implementation of the reform creates an opportunity to investigate the effects of being graded on adult educational attainments and earnings for children in the cohorts born 1954–1974, using a differ-ence-in-differences strategy. Accounting for municipal time trends and tracing out reform dynamics, there is some evidence that being graded increases girls’ years of schooling, but has no significant average effect on boys. Analysis of effects by fam-ily background suggests that getting grades increases the probability of high school graduation for boys and girls with compulsory school educated parents. Sons of uni-versity graduates, however, earn less and are less likely to get a university degree if they were graded in elementary school. |
| Keywords: | school policy; grades; educational attainment; adult earnings; family background; difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | I21 I28 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2010–05–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifauwp:2010_007&r=edu |
| By: | Thomas Brenner (Department of Geography, Philipps University Marburg); Charlotte Schlump (Department of Geography, Philipps University Marburg) |
| Abstract: | Universities and research institutes are seen as important drivers of the regional economy. Their impact on regional entrepreneurial and innovation activity is well documented. On the other hand, their influence on regional employment growth is less researched. This paper provides an extensive empirical analysis of the relationship between the education of university graduates and employees in research institutes and the growth of employment in a region. The analysis is done for nine industries separately. We find that university graduates have a significant influence on employment growth in several industries, while an influence of public research institutes is found only for a few industries. For most control variables the findings differ between manufacturing and service industries. Such a clear difference between the two types of industries is not found for university graduates and public research institutes. |
| Keywords: | Universities, Research Institutes, Regional Employment Growth |
| JEL: | H52 I2 J20 |
| Date: | 2010–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pum:wpaper:2010-02&r=edu |
| By: | Deborah Cobb-Clark (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne; and Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)); Trong-Ha Nguyen (Research School of Economics, Australian National University) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the degree of intergenerational education mobility among immigrant and native-born youth in Australia. We find that young Australians from non-English-speaking background (NESB) immigrant families have an educational advantage over their English speaking background (ESB) immigrant and Australian-born peers. Moreover, while highlyeducated Australian-born mothers and fathers transfer separate and roughly equal educational advantages to their children, outcomes for ESB (NESB) youth are most closely linked to the educational attainment of their fathers (mothers). On balance, intergenerational mobility in families with two highly-educated parents appears to be much the same for Australian-born and ESB families and is somewhat greater for NESB families. Finally, the greater importance that NESB mothers attribute to education appears to mitigate the educational penalty associated with socio-economic disadvantage. |
| Keywords: | education, immigration, intergenerational |
| JEL: | I20 J11 J13 |
| Date: | 2010–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iae:iaewps:wp2010n09&r=edu |
| By: | Gartell, Marie (Institute for Futures Studies) |
| Abstract: | <p> This paper analyzes the time it takes for Swedish college graduates to start a full-time job that lasts for six month or more. The focus is on the transition from college-to-work during the period 1991–1999. This period covers both upturns and downturns of the business cycle, providing a unique opportunity to consider the importance of the timing of graduation. The results show that the risk of unemployment and the unemployment duration have varied considerably with the business cycle, both within and between cohorts. For example, field of education is more important for the studied outcomes during recessions. Further, the relative risk of unemployment has decreased across time for individuals with the highest degree of education whereas the unemployment duration has increased, indicating that the selection into unemployment for this group may have changed over time. This is interesting, not least in the light of the rapid expansion of the higher educational system during the studied period.<p> |
| Keywords: | college graduates; work; college-to-work-transition; unemployment; education |
| JEL: | J21 J62 |
| Date: | 2010–06–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifswps:2010_003&r=edu |
| By: | B. CLARYSSE; S. MOSEY; I. LAMBRECHT; |
| Abstract: | In the nineties, postgraduate technology management education was mainly concentrated upon structuring the product development cycle and positioning technology strategy within the overall strategy of the company. Today it encompasses a much wider range of capabilities to address contemporary challenges such as globalization, open innovation, and the need for corporate renewal and venturing. To gain insight into the implications of this change, we conducted a number of exploratory interviews with leaders from both the demand and supply sides in Europe based in higher education institutes, the corporate sector, and public institutes. Our interviews highlight a dynamic field moving from traditional MBA-focused programs toward more entrepreneurial “boot camps,” from a case study-oriented teaching style toward a mentoring approach, and from an emphasis upon general business toward working across disciplines yet being sensitive to underlying technologies. We found important implications for technology management education with respect to its location within universities and identified opportunities for business schools to provide technology entrepreneurship and commercialization skills. |
| Date: | 2010–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rug:rugwps:10/647&r=edu |
| By: | Dr. Vidya Nath Koirala; Dr. Susan Acharya |
| Abstract: | This paper is a study on Access, Participation, and Performance of Girls in Science and Technology in Nepal. This study was undertaken essentially to achieve four objectives, viz. to review curricular and research materials from gender lens, identify stakeholders’ perspective towards girls’ access to and participation in Science and Technology Education (STE) related subjects, find out the forces that are both conducive as well as obstructive to STE for girls, and work out measures to address the problems. In view of these objectives, documents were reviewed, 55 schools in 11 districts of the country surveyed and data of 80,838 students analyzed quantitatively. This apart, qualitative information obtained from 22 different schools of the districts was processed, classroom dynamics was observed, and case studies were carried out. The data thus obtained from the fields were shared through debriefing sessions in the headquarters of the districts covered by the study. Altogether 16 people were directly involved in the study, 11 of them in gathering field data and the rest in reviewing curricular materials, analyzing data and writing report. All eight members of the study advisory team and the researcher from UNESCO Paris reviewed the report. And, a national workshop provided necessary input to finalize the STE work plan.[UNESCO Kathmandu Series of Monographs and Working Papers: No 4] |
| Keywords: | work, curicular, classromms, paris, researcher, participation, performance, qualitative, information, districts, report, UNESCO, study, Access, Participation, Performance, Girls, Science and Technology, Education, classroom dynamics, gender, access, |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2517&r=edu |
| By: | T.R. Dilip |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the trends and differentials in school educational attainment in Kerala, the State that ranks right on top in terms of human development in India. The trend analysis is based on a cohort-level comparison of educational attainment while the differential analysis is done using life table techniques. The analysis is based on data on educational attainment of the household population in the National Family Health Survey (2005-06). The unique features of this paper are that it provides comparable time-series data on entry to different stages of the schooling system, right from the time the State was formed in 1956, and that it analyses the probabilities of continuing from the first standard to the higher secondary level across different sub-groups of the population.[Working Paper 429] |
| Keywords: | schooling, continuity, inequality, social divide, educational attainment, Kerala |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2516&r=edu |
| By: | Sam Allgood; William Bosshardt; Wilbert van der Klaauw; Michael Watts |
| Abstract: | Studies regularly link levels of educational attainment to civic behavior and attitudes, but only a few investigate the role played by specific coursework. Using data collected from students who attended one of four public universities in our study, we investigate the relationship between economics coursework and civic behavior after graduation. Drawing from large samples of students in economics, business, or general majors, we compare responses across the three groups and by the number of undergraduate economics courses completed. We find that undergraduate coursework in economics is strongly associated with political party affiliation and with donations to candidates or parties, but not with the decision to vote or not vote. Nor is studying economics correlated with the likelihood (or intensity of) volunteerism. While we find that the civic behavior of economics majors and business majors is similar, it appears that business majors are less likely than general majors to engage in time-consuming behaviors such as voting and volunteering. Finally, we extend earlier studies that address the link between economics coursework and attitudes on public policy issues, finding that graduates who studied more economics usually reported attitudes closer to those expressed in national surveys of U.S. economists. Interestingly, we find the public policy attitudes of business majors to be more like those of general majors than of economics majors. |
| Keywords: | Education ; Economics - Study and teaching ; Business and education ; Human behavior ; Volunteers |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:450&r=edu |
| By: | Katsushi S. Imai (Economics, School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, UK and Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration (RIEB), Kobe University); Takahiro Sato (Research Institute for Economics and Business Administration, Kobe University) |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically investigates the determinants of fertility drawing upon large household data sets in India, namely NSS and NFHS over the period 1992-2006. Broadly similar and consistent results are found for the two surveys for different years. We have found a negative and significant association between the number of children and mother' s education. Both direct and indirect effects are observed for mother' s education which not just directly reduces fertility but also increases mother' s potential wages or opportunity costs which would deter her from having a baby. Father' s education became increasingly important in reducing fertility in the last two rounds. |
| Keywords: | Fertility, Parental Education, NSS (National Sample Survey), NFHS (National Family Health Survey), India, Asia |
| Date: | 2010–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kob:dpaper:dp2010-17&r=edu |
| By: | Anja Dettmann (Department of Geography, Philipps University Marburg); Sidonia von Proff (Department of Geography, Philipps University Marburg) |
| Abstract: | The paper compares academic and corporate patents in Germany to shed light on the geographical distribution of the inventors. The residences of the inventors show different patterns in the two datasets. Furthermore, we analyze the spatial distance between inventors for patents invented in collaboration and give insights into the distance’s change over a time period of 14 years. The distance between collaborating inventors of corporate patents exceeds that of inventors of academic patents. In spite of the rise of ICT and cheap passenger transportation the collaboration distances have not increased. This supports earlier literature on the importance of proximity in innovation. |
| Keywords: | inventor networks, Germany, academic patents, research collaboration |
| JEL: | R12 O34 L14 |
| Date: | 2010–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pum:wpaper:2010-01&r=edu |
| By: | Cain Polidano (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne); Kostas Mavromaras (National Institute of Labour Studies, Flinders University) |
| Abstract: | Improving the educational outcomes of people with a disability is seen as key in helping improve their employment and life prospects. Vocational Education and Training (VET) is an important avenue for further education for people with disability because it is a highly flexible and accessible form of education. This paper uses the HILDA survey and multivariate estimation to examine whether people with disability face barriers in participating in and completing a VET qualification, with particular focus on the role of social support. Overall, we find that people with disability are not disadvantaged in terms of participation, but are in terms of completion, especially those with more limiting conditions and those with mental health problems who have low levels of social support. These findings add to the growing literature on the role of social support in the functioning of people with mental illness and underline the importance of ensuring access to adequate support services. |
| Date: | 2010–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iae:iaewps:wp2010n08&r=edu |
| By: | Sergio Beraldo |
| Abstract: | I provide a discourse on the article by Prof. Lynn (2010), which suggests that differences in intelligence explain per capita income levels across the Italian regions. To emphasize that his article is affected by flaws leading to false conclusions. This is clear as soon as some basic principles underpinning any rigorous scientific analysis are employed to discuss his findings. |
| Keywords: | IQ, Income, Education, Italy. |
| Date: | 2010–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:icr:wpicer:06-2010&r=edu |
| By: | Bodas Freitas Isabel Maria; Geuna Aldo (University of Turin); Rossi Federica |
| Date: | 2010–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:201009&r=edu |
| By: | Bold, Tessa; Gauthier, Bernard; Svensson, Jakob; Wane, Waly |
| Abstract: | The Delivering Service Indicators seek to provide a set of indices for benchmarking service delivery performance in education and health in Africa in order to track progress in and across countries over time. It seeks to enhance effective and active monitoring of service delivery systems and to become an instrument of public accountability and good governance in Africa. The main perspective adopted by the Delivering Service Indicators index is one of citizens accessing services and facing potential shortcomings in those services available to them. The index is thus presented as a Service Delivery Report Card on education and health. However, unlike traditional citizen report cards, it assembles objective information from micro level surveys of service delivery units. |
| Keywords: | Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Governance Indicators,Public Sector Expenditure Policy,Population Policies,Education For All |
| Date: | 2010–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5327&r=edu |