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on Development |
| By: | Rafael Machado Parente |
| Abstract: | How do minimum wages affect earnings inequality in countries with large informal sectors? I provide reduced-form evidence that the 2000s minimum wage hike in Brazil raised overall inequality by increasing inequality inside the informal sector. I develop a model where heterogeneous firms select into informality to investigate when and how raising the minimum wage can increase inequality. I calibrate the model to Brazil and find that, by generating substantial informality, the increase in the minimum wage raised overall inequality by 6.4%. These results suggest that movements into and out of the informal sector modulate the effects of formal labor legislation. |
| Keywords: | Minimum wages; Inequality; Informality |
| Date: | 2024–07–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/159 |
| By: | Brehm, Margaret E.; Brehm, Paul A.; Cassidy, Alecia; Cassidy, Traviss |
| Abstract: | We examine the economic impacts of natural resource revenue-sharing systems, where central governments transfer a portion of resource revenue to producing regions. Using a natural experiment in Indonesia, we separately identify the effects of shared revenue and resource extraction. Contrary to Dutch disease concerns, shared oil and gas revenue does not harm local manufacturing firms, while extraction promotes manufacturing growth. Both extraction and shared revenue significantly raise local non-oil GDP. We find suggestive evidence of larger gains from shared revenue in areas without onshore extraction, implying central governments could improve aggregate welfare by channeling more resource revenue toward resource-poor areas. |
| Keywords: | Growth, resource booms, decentralization, manufacturing firms, Indonesia, Dutch disease |
| JEL: | H77 O13 O14 Q32 Q33 |
| Date: | 2024–07–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121428 |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh (World Bank); Do, Minh N.N. (National Economics University Vietnam); Nguyen, Cuong Viet (National Economics University Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | Very few studies have examined the impacts of both climate change and air pollution on student education outcomes, particularly in a developing country setting. Analyzing a rich database consisting of household and school surveys, test scores, and temperature and air pollution data over the past decade for Viet Nam, we find that a 1 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration in the month preceding exams leads to 0.015 and 0.010 standard deviation decreases in math and reading scores, respectively. We also find some indicative evidence of stronger impacts of air pollution for younger, primary school students who reside in urban areas and in districts with higher temperatures. While we find some mixed effects of temperature, we do not find significant effects on students' test scores for temperature extremes and air pollution over the past 12 months. Our findings offer policy-relevant inputs for the country's ongoing efforts to fight air pollution. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, climate change, weather extremes, education, Viet Nam |
| JEL: | O12 I10 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17160 |
| By: | Bloomfield, Juanita; Cabrera, José María |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the long-term effects of receiving the Uruguayan Plan de Atención Nacional a la Emergencia Social (PANES), a large unconditional cash transfer program, on outcomes for young and unborn children. We use a rich dataset that matches program administrative data to vital natality data and educational records 8 to 12 years after the beginning of the program. Overall, we find small and barely significant effects on educational attainment and delay. Among children exposed to the program during early childhood (between ages zero to five), the results show significant beneficial effects for those with low birth weight. |
| Keywords: | unconditional cash transfer, long-term effects, education, policy evaluation. |
| JEL: | I38 O15 |
| Date: | 2024–07–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121469 |
| By: | Juliana Jaramillo-Echeverri |
| Abstract: | Across the world educated women tend to have fewer children than their less-educated peers. This paper provides new stylised facts about the long-run relationship between women’s education and fertility at both the national and individual levels. I focus on Colombia, a country that experienced both a rapid fertility decline and fast expansion of education in the mid-20th century and I use data from the censuses of 1973, 1985, 1993, 2005 and 2018. The findings caution that the relationship between fertility and women’s education is not always monotonic and this relationship changes significantly depending on the aggregation of the data. At the individual level, the relationship between education and fertility holds strongly and education increases the probability of remaining childless, reduces the total number of children and the likelihood of having a birth at a younger and older age, suggesting a strong trade-off between education and fertility. Peer effects, such as the percentage of peers with secondary education, are ruled out, which suggests that the externalities of education had a moderate effect on uneducated women. On the other hand, at the national level, the fertility decline cannot be explained by education as fertility has fallen continuously in all educational groups since 1965. **** RESUMEN: En el mundo, las mujeres más educadas tienden a tener menos hijos que las menos educadas. Este documento presenta nuevos hechos estilizados sobre la relación a largo plazo entre la educación de las mujeres y la fecundidad, tanto a nivel nacional como individual. El documento se enfoca en Colombia, un país que experimentó una rápida caída en la fecundidad así como una rápida expansión de la educación a mediados del siglo XX. Con los datos de los censos de 1973, 1985, 1993, 2005 y 2018, los resultados advierten que la relación entre la fecundidad y la educación de las mujeres no siempre es estable y por el contrario cambia dependiendo de la agregación de los datos. A nivel individual, la educación aumenta la probabilidad de permanecer sin hijos, reduce el número total de hijos y disminuye la probabilidad de tener un hijo a una edad temprana, lo que sugiere un fuerte tradeoff entre educación y fecundidad. Se descartan los efectos de los pares, como el que puede tener el porcentaje de mujeres con educación secundaria, lo que sugiere que las externalidades de la educación tuvieron un efecto moderado en las mujeres no educadas. Por otro lado, a nivel nacional, el declive en la fecundidad no puede explicarse únicamente por el aumento en la educación, ya que la misma ha disminuido continuamente en todos los grupos educativos desde 1965. |
| Keywords: | fertility, education, Colombia, census data, fecundidad, educación, Colombia, datos censales |
| JEL: | J11 J13 I25 N36 O35 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:cheedt:63 |
| By: | Swetha Ramachandran |
| Abstract: | For decades now, Western development agencies and donors have been castigated for their colonial biases in providing aid to Africa. It is well established that donors provide considerably more foreign aid to their former colonies relative to other countries in the region. However, what happens over time to the influence of the former-colonizer-turned-donor within the aid recipient countries? Does their influence become stronger over time due to early and significant contributions, or does it decline with the emergence of other contemporary donors? |
| Keywords: | Colonialism, Foreign aid, Donors, Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2024-47 |
| By: | Narmandakh, Davaatseren; Marenya, Paswel; Opie, Hellen; Bett, Charles |
| Abstract: | In market-constrained environments such as those found in dryland agroecologies, farm families face the decision to self-provision for diet diversity through crop diversification or to specialize in a few crop (non-agriculture) enterprises based on market exchange. However, the latter strategy is constrained by the usual market access problems prevalent in rural Africa (especially in dryland geolocations). This study contributes to the ongoing development discourse and research by examining the welfare effects of greater market access and participation compared to farm production diversity in rural Kenya and Uganda. Using cross sectional data from 2, 398 households and three novel instrumental variables to isolate empirical correlates between market access and production diversity (as LHS variables) and diet diversity and food security, we find that both market participation and production diversity positively impact food security and welfare. One unit increase in farm production diversity is associated with a 20.8% increase in the value of food consumed from farm. In contrast, in villages with stronger market links, farm diversity significantly affects the value of food purchases. A 10% increase in sorghum market participation is associated with a small increase in household diet diversity (2.02%), the value of food purchases only in villages where there are limited grain market opportunities. A 10% market participation of sorghum is though associated with a 15% increases farm expenditure in villages with weak market links. However, in villages with stronger market links, market participation negatively affects food purchases. Promoting market participation alone may heighten inequality if market infrastructure is weak. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344362 |
| By: | Gulati, Kajal; Saha, Koustuv; Lybbert, Travis J. |
| Abstract: | Most studies on gender gaps in agricultural productivity leverage within-household differences between plots managed by women and men. Such a gender-based division of plot management simplifies empirical tests for productivity differences, but it is not a common arrangement for agricultural households outside some locations in sub-Saharan Africa. In most rural households, women and men jointly participate in production, which complicates identification of gender- based productivity differences. This study proposes a broader empirical test of productivity gaps that applies to such systems, and that is rooted not explicitly in gender but in gender-based inequities. Specifically, we explore productivity gaps in rice-cultivating Indian households, where women and men perform specific and distinct cultivation tasks. We measure productivity gaps based on the differential use of family and hired female labor across households, then compare them with gaps based on the differential use of family and hired male labor. Using plot-level data, we identify significant gender-based productivity gaps after controlling for input use, plot- and household-level characteristics, and using village fixed effects and machine learning estimators to address selection and model misspecification concerns. Based on this identification strategy, households using family female labor have lower agricultural productivity, on average, than those also hiring female workers, such that foregone production value is greater than the cost of hiring women. We find suggestive evidence that this gap stems from skill differences between hired and family female workers. In contrast, we find no evidence of a similar gap based on the differential use of family and hired male labor. Overall, household welfare is lower because of gender inequities that shape women's work opportunities. These findings highlight the potential productivity implications of expanding women's labor choices, including both on- and off-farm job opportunities. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management, International Development |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344301 |
| By: | Bhangaonkar, Rekha; Ranganathan, Thiagu |
| Abstract: | This study analyses differential resilience among horticultural farmers in Maharashtra, India. Based on a primary survey of 290 farmers across four villages in Jalna district, we find that farmers in the region shifted to grape cultivation over the past two decades as it provided a higher and more stable income compared to cotton. The recent years has seen depletion of groundwater table, a common pool resource and the primary source of irrigation for the farmers. In building resilience against groundwater risks, farmers resorted to water imports to satisfy irrigation requirements. With this background, we analyze the factors that affect tanker water use and the returns thereof. Our paper finds that intensity of tanker water use is inversely related to farm size indicating higher intensification of water imports among smallholding farmers. Our production function analysis indicates that both tanker use and expenditure on tanker water has no relation to horticultural production. Given the higher dependence on horticulture among the small and marginal farmers and that these farmers use tanker water extensively with no significant returns to production, our paper posits a case of differential resilience among farmers in the region. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344391 |
| By: | Mendolia, Silvia (University of Torino); Stavrunova, Olena (University of Technology, Sydney); Vidal-Fernandez, Marian (University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | Birth order effects in developed countries are consistently negative. That is, the later a child is born within a family, the worse their adult economic outcomes relative to their earlier-born siblings are. However, studies of birth order effects in emerging countries are scarcer and yield conflicting birth order effect signs. We study whether this divergence in results is due to within-country data idiosyncrasies or methods heterogeneity. We use almost 1.8 million observations gathered from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to measure birth order effects on children's educational outcomes in 35 developing countries, between the mid-1980s and 2020. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analysing birth order effects in a comprehensive set of developing countries. In developing countries, families tend to be relatively large and within-family resources scarce. The DHS contains harmonised data and variables for all countries, providing a picture of birth order effects that is consistent across the developing world. Using mothers' fixed effects models, we estimate the impact of birth order on standardised years of schooling and school attendance, exploring non-linearities in birth order effects, as well as heterogeneous effects by gender, socio-economic characteristics and over time. Overall, we find negative birth order effects on educational attainment in 32 out of 35 countries. Consistent with this, we find that the probability of not being in school increases with birth order. We find that in most countries, overall birth order effects do not vary by gender, family wealth, location or over time. In countries where we do find differences in birth order across these dimensions of heterogeneity, the negative birth order effects are stronger for children from poorer households, and households in rural areas. |
| Keywords: | birth order, education, low income countries |
| JEL: | I10 I20 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17131 |
| By: | Lusine Ivanov-Davtyan |
| Abstract: | How does exposure to a war outside the immediate conflict area influence the educational performance of pupils, and how does this collective impact differ from that of direct family exposure? To address these questions, I link individual-level victim data from the 2020 Armenian-Azerbaijani war with individual school records from periods before and after the conflict. Capitalizing on the lottery-based draft system of Armenian Army and using constructed individual-level data, I find that exposure to war-related casualties at the school level (collective affectedness) prompts a shift in performance towards subjects that increase options for migration and safer living conditions. This results in decreased proficiency in native language and history studies. In contrast, family-level affectedness shapes patriotism and group identity, leading to improved performance in cultural and homeland-related subjects. These findings demonstrate how war affects schooling trajectories, potentially leading to long-term economic effects even decades later. |
| Keywords: | Education, Schooling Performance, Localized War, Violent Conflict |
| JEL: | F51 I25 O12 O15 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cer:papers:wp784 |
| By: | Bekele, Rahel Deribe; Jeuland, Marc; Munson, Dylan |
| Abstract: | Rural households in Ethiopia mainly depend on agriculture for their livelihood and most commonly use traditional biomass as their primary domestic energy source. Using data collected from 925 rural households and 3, 241 plots in four regions of Ethiopia, this study examines the determinants of fuel choice in rural Ethiopia, and the impact of biomass fuel scarcity on agricultural labor supply, yields, and returns, across the irrigation/dry, Meher, and Belg cropping seasons. We show that the shadow price of biomass energy sources, which are largely collected from the environment, and the market prices of charcoal and kerosene as well as indicators of wealth, are important determinants of households’ fuel choices. Our findings further indicate that the scarcity of biomass fuel, proxied by shadow price, has a negative and significant effect on agricultural labor supply in the irrigation and Belg seasons, which in turn affects yields and returns from agriculture. This suggests the importance of addressing domestic fuel scarcity alongside efforts to enhance agricultural productivity in rural areas, particularly when introducing interventions such as irrigation. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344395 |
| By: | Bello, Lateef Olalekan; Awotide, Bola Amoke; Abbeam, GideonDanso; Sakurai, Takeshi |
| Abstract: | Climate change remains a major impediment to food security in majority of developing countries, such as the West Africa Sahel (WASR), due to the rudimentary and rain-fed production system practiced by most farmers. The adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies (CSAT), which aim to increase resilience and adaptation to changing climatic conditions, is crucial for boosting crop productivity and increasing food sufficiency. This study examined the food security impact of smallholder farmers adopting CSAT in WASR (Mali and Niger). We control for potential endogeneity bias that could occur in this study by employing the extended ordered probit and multinomial endogenous treatment effect model to analyze food security impact using the two most common approaches, which are the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Food Consumption Scores (FCS). The impact results from the HFIAS estimation indicate that CSAT adopters are more food insecure than non-adopters in WASR. Subsequently, the FCS estimation results show that smallholder farmers adopting CSAT are less food secure than non- adopters. Further analysis of mechanisms and pathways to food security revealed that CSAT 2 Copyright 2024 by Lateef Olalekan Bello, Bola Amoke Awotide, Gideon-Danso-Abbeam, and Takeshi Sakurai. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. adopters significantly reduced the share of crop production they retained for household consumption compared to non-adopters. Subsequent findings revealed that adopters of CSAT generate significantly higher crop revenues than non-adopters. This implies that CSAT adopters sell the majority of their marketable surplus and retain a minor share for household consumption. These findings suggest that farm-level sensitization programs could emphasize the need for farmers to strike a balance between agricultural investment and food security. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344323 |
| By: | Ayoola, Josephine Bosede; Sani, Mohammadou; Ayoola, Gbolagade |
| Abstract: | This paper analysed the effects of land administration on allocative efficiency of rice farmers in Dadinkowa Irrigation Scheme area, North-Eastern Nigeria. Primary data from a sample of 400 rice farmers were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that land administration authorities in the area performed above average (0.67), with Large-scale PuBlic Authority (LPBA) significantly higher (0.74) than Large-scale PriVate Authority (LPVA), Small-scale PuBlic Authority (SPBA) and Local Authority (LA), being 0.67, 0.64, 0.6 respectively. Allocative efficiency of farmers ranged between 0.24 and 0.97 in LPBA, 0.39 and 0.98 in LPVA, 0.73 and 0.94 in SPBA and between 0.84 and 0.97 in LA; mean values being 0.86, 0.94, 0.85 and 0.93 respectively. Thus, large scale private authority achieved significantly higher allocative efficiency (F-cal 26.02) at 1% level. Farmers’ perception of land administration service, land value, land use, non-farm income, household size and hired labor significantly influenced their allocative efficiency at 1% level. Public-private land administration reform that emphasize land tenure security, irrigation development and access to farm inputs would likely encourage long-term investment and efficient resource allocation; thereby promoting sustainable agricultural and food production, and contributing to national food security. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344390 |
| By: | Akoko, Peter Obuon; Gathungu, Edith; De Groote, Hugo |
| Abstract: | Maize is most common staple food in Sub-Saharan Africa but in most cases, preserved using the traditional drying method which expose maize to severe losses and quality deterioration. Improved maize drying methods are therefore considered an alternative technique to dry maize. Studies from developed countries have found improved dryers to be more efficient and sustainable, however, developing countries like Kenya are still yet to adopt these technologies. Evaluating smallholder maize farmers’ willingness to pay for improved maize dryers in Njoro Sub-County explains this slow adoption rate. This paper sampled 306 small-scale maize farmers and characterized them based on their willingness to use the dryers. Double bounded choice model was then used to determine farmers’ willingness to pay. The results show that commercial maize production (P- value =0.078, β=13.92958), cooperative membership (P-value=0.053, β=24.40269), higher maize prices (P-value =0.022, β=0.0276285) and subjective norms (P-value=0.005, β=23.75356) positively influenced willingness to pay, while factors like familiarity (P-value=0.044, β=- 34.41718) and liking of the maize dryer (P-value=0.051, β=-16.46909) had a negative impact. The findings emphasize the importance of considering education, farming experience, land size, cooperative membership, access to extension services, and commercial market channels when marketing improved maize dryers. The ideal adopters are farmers with advanced education, years of farming experience, larger land size, cooperative membership, and access to relevant services. To enhance the adoption of improved maize dryers, stakeholders should support farmers in expanding production land, joining cooperatives, accessing extension services, and connecting with commercial maize markets. Additionally, awareness programs targeting older farmers with large households and those lacking post-harvest training may help address factors associated with unwillingness to use improved maize dryers. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344279 |
| By: | Vasishth, Mahima (Bocconi University) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, I estimate the inter-generational health impact of maternal employment opportunities using evidence from the ready-made garment industry in Bangladesh. This industry was exposed to a trade liberalization policy in 2005, which generated spatial and temporal variation in the establishment of garment factories and therefore, potential employment opportunities for women. Using a difference-in-difference strategy, I find that the expansion of this sector improved the probability of neonatal survival for children who are born in areas that experience higher growth in employment opportunities post trade liberalization. This is driven by the improved labor market participation by mothers, enabling them to delay childbirth and improve their intra-household bargaining power. |
| Keywords: | neonatal mortality, female labor force participation, ready-made garment sector |
| JEL: | J21 I15 I12 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17106 |
| By: | Hanna Schwank |
| Abstract: | Millions of families migrate every year in search of better opportunities. Whether these opportunities materialize for the children brought with them depends on the quality of the destination that their parents selected. Exploiting variation in the age of migration, I analyze the impact of destination quality on the educational outcomes of childhood internal migrants in Indonesia. Using Population Census microdata from 2000 and 2010, I show that children who spend more time growing up in districts characterized by higher average educational attainment among permanent residents tend to exhibit greater probabilities of completing primary and secondary schooling. Moreover, educational outcomes of migrants converge with those of permanent residents at an average rate of 1.7 to 2.2 percent annually, with children from less educated households benefiting more from additional exposure. My findings suggest substantial heterogeneity of returns to childhood migration with respect to destination. |
| Keywords: | Internal Migration; Education; Development; Indonesia |
| JEL: | I25 O15 D64 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_582 |
| By: | Rene A. Iwo; Elizabeth Frankenberg; Cecep Sumantri; Duncan Thomas |
| Abstract: | The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was an extremely destructive event in Aceh, Indonesia, killing over 160, 000 people and destroying infrastructure, homes, and livelihoods over miles of coastline. In its immediate aftermath, affected populations faced a daunting array of challenges. At the population level, questions of how the disaster affected children’s and parents’ aspirations for education and whether it permanently disrupted schooling progression are critical in understanding how shocks affect human capital in the short and long term. We use longitudinal data from the Study of the Tsunami Aftermath and Recovery (STAR) to examine how disaster exposure affects educational aspirations and eventual attainment. We find that damage to one’s community depresses aspirations in the short term but that this weakens with time. With respect to educational attainment 15 years after the event, children’s aspirations, parents’ education, and family socioeconomic status are more important determinants of whether children complete high school and go on to tertiary schooling than disaster exposure. While these results likely reflect, at least in part, the successful post-tsunami reconstruction program, they also establish enormous resilience among survivors who bore the brunt of the tsunami. |
| JEL: | I20 O12 O15 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32702 |
| By: | Goeb, Joseph; Minten, Bart; Aung, Nilar; Aung, Zin Wai; Zu, A Myint; Htar, May Thet |
| Abstract: | In numerous low- and middle-income countries, agricultural value chains (AVC) are undergoing rapid transformation, yet scant evidence exists regarding such changes in fragile and conflict- affected settings, and little is known about inclusivity in this transformation. This study focuses on changes in Myanmar's rice value chain - using unique large-scale primary data - from 2013 to 2022, during an economic boom and subsequent political upheaval and conflict. We document remarkable shifts, including a fourfold increase in rice exports, propelling Myanmar to the world's fifth-largest rice exporter. Concurrently, domestic market conditions improved, and there was modernization in the ‘hidden middle’ of the value chain including increased investments in modern milling equipment and drying methods. At the farm level we note greater adoption of modern inputs (e.g., improved seed) and harvest/post-harvest technologies and increased reliance on modern specialized service providers. The transformation was not everywhere inclusive, and modernization in some areas decelerated due to conflict. Mills and farms in insecure and conflict-affected areas, as well as remote millers and smallholders, participated to a lesser extent, and the gaps widened during the crisis years. The rapid modernization in Myanmar’s rice value chain from 2013 to 2019 highlights the positive impacts of stable governance, infrastructure investment, and liberalization on AVC transformation while the observed variations in modernization inclusivity across different segments of the value chain underscore the complex interplay between governance, conflict, and AVC transformation. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp15:344305 |
| By: | Durian, Q.A.B.; Atienza, L.M.; Esguerra, G.A. |
| Abstract: | Food insecurity, linked to poor diet quality and diversity, heightens vulnerability to malnutrition, particularly in fishing households due to poverty, income seasonality, and environmental shifts. This study investigates food security, dietary diversity, and nutritional status of children (36 to 59 months) from fishing households in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. Purposive sampling yielded eighty-six (86) households with a 100% participation rate. Food security and dietary diversity were assessed using Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Food Consumption Score (FCS) while the nutritional status of the children was derived from the Oplan Timbang Plus (OPT+) data in March 2023. Mean, frequency, percentage calculations, and Kendall’s rank correlation test (α=0.05) were used for data analysis. Results indicated that majority of the household heads earn less than Php 10, 000 (44.2%) and spend less than Php 7, 000 (75.6%) on food every month. Only (5.8%) were food-secure while the rest were food insecure, classified as moderate (45.3%), mild (39.5%), and severe (9.3%). Most households have acceptable food consumption (70.9%) with a mean FCS of 55.6 ± 20.6. Stunting (45.3%), underweight (36.1%), and wasting (19.8%) were observed among the preschool children. Kendall’s rank tau tests demonstrated a positive moderate correlation between household food security status and dietary diversity (CI:95%, p=0.0040, τ=0.2902) and monthly income (CI:95%, p=0.0141, τ=0.2332). Stunting and underweight were also strongly and moderately correlated to household food insecurity (CI:95%, p=2.11e-05, τ=0.4152; CI:95%, p=0.0027, τ=0.2969) and poor dietary diversity (CI:95%, p=0.0474, τ=0.2004). The persistence of food insecurity and malnutrition necessitates effective interventions and policies targeting children and vulnerable groups in fishing communities. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2024–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea24:344453 |
| By: | Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Behera, Jayanti; Biswas, Chandrima |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to explore the determinants of the use of climate smart agriculture technology (CSAT) among agrarian households of Odisha, India. The effect of climate change and the consequent unpredictability of weather patterns make agricultural production vulnerable. It calls for a solution wherein it is required to transform the existing agricultural practices to make it more efficient, more productive and less prone to climate change. So, the farm inputs should be more adaptive that can be ushered in by adopting CSAT by the practitioners. It is a smart agriculture process that minimizes the negative effect of climate change on agricultural production and contributes towards sustainable agricultural system. The result of the Fractional and Beta regression reveals that higher the level of social capital, higher is the intensity of the use of CSAT by the households. The use of CSAT is less in households that are female headed and belong to the scheduled tribes in comparison to the households that are male headed and belong to the scheduled castes. However, the households having knowledge about the technology use it more than the households with no knowledge of CSAT. The households who think that CSAT is not women-friendly use the technology more in comparison to households that think that women do not have the skills to use the technology. The intensity of the use of CSAT is higher for households where the female takes agricultural decisions. Further, the use of CSAT is less in families where land is owned by the male members only. This calls for institutional arrangements to ensure wider usage of social capital, land ownership by the female members and their economic empowerment by providing them better wages and livelihood so that agrarian households will be interested to use CSAT in agriculture that can ultimately cater to the growing demand of food. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2023–09–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepa:344215 |