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on Development |
| By: | Menno Pradhan; Daniel Suryadarma; Amanda Beatty; Maisy Wong; Arya Gaduh; Armida Alisjahbana; Rima Prama Artha |
| Keywords: | Educational Quality, Indonesia, Randomized Field Experiment |
| JEL: | F Z |
| Date: | 2013–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:7902&r=dev |
| By: | Takahiro Akita (International University of University); Ni Made Inna Dariwardani (Central Bureau of Statistics Bali, Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes poverty dynamics by region for urban and rural areas based on the 2008-2010 panel Susenas. It also conducts a probit analysis to explore the determinants of poverty based on the 2008 consumption module Susenas. We found that while 11% of rural people and 7% of urban people are chronically poor, there are a large number of transiently poor people in Indonesia. These transiently poor people have a high risk of falling into poverty occasionally. There is also a large difference in the extent of chronic and transient poverty among regions. While the government should implement policies to alleviate chronic poverty, it should at the same time introduce policies that could keep transiently poor people above the poverty line. Since there is a large regional variation in the extent of poverty, spatially differentiated poverty alleviation programs should be introduced according to the extent and nature of poverty. |
| Keywords: | chronic and transient poverty, poverty dynamics, spatial perspective, panel data, Indonesia |
| JEL: | I30 O10 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2013_19&r=dev |
| By: | Sumon K. Bhaumik; Ralitza Dimova; Ira N. Gang |
| Abstract: | Our analysis of a rich representative household survey for Malawi, where patrilineal and matrilineal institutions coexist, suggests that (a) in matrilineal societies the likelihood of cash crop cultivation by a household increases with the extent of land owned (or de facto controlled) by males, and (b) and cultivation of cash crops increases household welfare. The policy implication is that facilitating female ownership of assets through informal and formal institutions does not, on its own, increase welfare, if women do not have access to complementary resources that are needed to generate income from those assets. |
| Keywords: | female ownership of assets, informal institutions, cash crops, household welfare |
| JEL: | Q12 O2 O13 J16 |
| Date: | 2013–08–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wdi:papers:2013-1055&r=dev |
| By: | Josef Montag (Faculty of Business and Economics, Mendel University in Brno) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effects of state-level differences in labor regulation on labor market outcomes of women in India. I find that labor regulation has a large negative effect on women’s economic activity, mainly employment. A one standard deviation increase in the labor regulation measure decreases the probability of a woman being economically active by 3% to 4%—the implied decrease in female labor force is 15% to 18%. There is no significant effect on the gender wage gap. Finally, labor regulation is associated with women having less say at home and a lower sex ratio. |
| Keywords: | gender gap, labor regulation, India |
| JEL: | J16 J21 K31 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:men:wpaper:40_2013&r=dev |
| By: | Sheetal Sekhri |
| Abstract: | Groundwater depletion is becoming a serious policy concern in many developing countries but little is known about the costs of groundwater depletion. I use annual deviations of depth to groundwater from 1999 to 2003 from the 1985-1995 decadal means for Indian districts, to investigate how production and sown area respond to groundwater uctuations. I nd that a 1 meter decline in groundwater in a year reduces food-grain production by 8 percent, water intensive crop production by 9 percent and cash crops by 5 percent. I also use year-to-year transitions of groundwater around a cuto value, at which cost of technology required to access groundwater exogenously increases due to physical constraints, to examine coping mechanisms. I nd that for short run shocks around this cuto, sown area for food-grains and water intensive crops falls by 7 to 8 percent, whereas there is no change for cash crops. I evaluate the eect of the transition of 10 year means of groundwater around this cuto on exit from farming. I do not nd evidence of exit of marginal or small farmers from agriculture. mitigating eect. |
| Keywords: | Groundwater Depletion; Agricultural Production; India |
| JEL: | O10 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vir:virpap:406&r=dev |
| By: | Takahiro Akita (International University of University); Heryanah (Central Bureau of Statistics Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the relationship between the level of educational attainment, educational inequality and expenditure inequality in Indonesia based on a provincial panel data set from 1996-2011 and attempts to test the Kuznets hypothesis for educational expansion. We found that educational inequality decreases as the average level of educational attainment increases. In contrast, expenditure inequality follows an inverted U-shaped pattern with respect to educational expansion and reaches the maximum at around 9-10 years of education. Given the current average educational level, further educational expansion would increase expenditure inequality. However, more equal distribution of education has an equalizing effect. |
| Keywords: | educational expansion, expenditure inequality, educational inequality, Kuznets hypothesis, panel data regression, Indonesia |
| JEL: | I24 I25 O15 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2013_18&r=dev |
| By: | Nguyen, Cuong |
| Abstract: | Although there are numerous empirical studies on the effect of trade facilitation on international trade and GDP, there have been no studies on the association between trade facilitation and poverty as well as inequality. This paper examines this association in low and middle income countries using GMM-type instruments for trade facilitation. It is found that trade facilitation which is measured by the number of documents and the time for exports and imports is strongly correlated with poverty, inequality and per capita GDP. Countries with more improvement in trade facilitation are more likely to have lower poverty and inequality, and higher per capita GDP than other countries with less improvement in trade facilitation. |
| Keywords: | Trade facilitation, poverty, inequality, international trade, developing countries. |
| JEL: | F1 F13 F16 I3 |
| Date: | 2013–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:50312&r=dev |