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on Development |
| By: | Strobl, Eric (Ecole Polytechnique, Paris); Valfort, Marie-Anne (University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | Relying on census data collected in 2002 and historical weather data for Uganda, we estimate the impact of weather-induced internal migration on the probability for non-migrants living in the destination regions to be employed. Our results reveal a significant negative impact. Consistent with the prediction of a simple theoretical model, they further show that this negative impact is significantly stronger in regions with lower road density and therefore less conducive to capital mobility: a 10 percentage points increase in the net in-migration rate in these areas decreases the probability of being employed of non-migrants by more than 20 percentage points. |
| Keywords: | weather shocks, internal migration, labor market, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | E24 J21 J61 Q54 R23 |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6923&r=dev |
| By: | Quheng, Deng (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences); Gustafsson, Björn Anders (University of Gothenburg); Li, Shi (Beijing Normal University) |
| Abstract: | Intergenerational income elasticities are estimated using samples for urban China (covering many cities) for the years 1995 and 2002 and compared with results from other studies. We find that the income relation between the pairs: sons and fathers, sons and mothers and daughters and mothers, are in 2002 all similar in magnitude. In contrast the relation between daughters' and fathers' income is weaker. The income relationship between offspring and mothers was weaker in 1995 than in 2002. Our preferred estimates of income persistency for the son-father pairs of 0.47 for 1995 and 0.53 for 2002 are higher than what has been reported in the literature for several high-income countries with large welfare states. The strength of the income link between sons and fathers in urban China appears to be not very different from what has been reported for countries such as Brazil, Chile and the United States. |
| Keywords: | intergenerational income mobility, China |
| JEL: | D31 J62 P32 |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6907&r=dev |
| By: | Camelia Minoiu (International Monetary Fund); Olga N. Shemyakina (Georgia Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | We examine the effect of the 2002-2007 civil conflict in Côte d'Ivoire on children's health status using household surveys collected before, during, and after the conflict, and information on the exact location and date of conflict events. Our identification strategy relies on exploiting both temporal and spatial variation across birth cohorts to measure children's exposure to the conflict. We find that children from regions more affected by the conflict suffered significant health setbacks compared with children from less affected regions. We further examine possible war impact mechanisms using rich data on households' experience of war from the post-conflict survey. Our results suggest that conflict-induced economic losses, health impairment, displacement, and other forms of victimization are important channels through which conflict negatively impacts child health. |
| Keywords: | child health, conflict, height-for-age, sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | I12 J13 O12 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inq:inqwps:ecineq2012-245&r=dev |
| By: | Kudo, Yuya |
| Abstract: | In a traditional system of exogamous and patrilocal marriage prevalent in much of Sub-Saharan Africa, when she marries, a rural woman typically leaves her kin to reside with her husband living outside her natal village. Since a village that allows a widow to inherit her late husband's land can provide her with old age security, single females living outside the village are more likely to marry into the village. Using a natural experimental setting, provided by the longitudinal household panel data drawn from rural Tanzania for the period from 1991 to 2004, during which several villages that initially banned a widow's land inheritance removed this discrimination, this study provides evidence in support of this view, whereby altering a customary land inheritance rules in a village in favor of widows increased the probability of males marrying in that village. This finding suggests that providing rural women with old age protection (e.g., insurance, livelihood protection) has remarkable spatial and temporal welfare effects by influencing their decision to marry. |
| Keywords: | Tanzania, Social security, Women welfare, Land tenure, Aged, Migration, Demography, Gender empowerment, Land ownership, Social custom, Widowhood |
| JEL: | J12 J14 K11 Q15 R23 |
| Date: | 2012–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper368&r=dev |
| By: | Verico, Kiki |
| Abstract: | This study attempts to analyze the impact of intra regional trade agreement on FDI inflows in Southeast Asia. The agreement is ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA). The observed countries are Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. These three countries have been selected based on several considerations. Trade indicators of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) and Net Export (NX) show these three countries have intra trade advantage in primary products. These indicators are useful to assess how effective AFTA in accommodating her member’s trade advantage products into her priority products list. Furthermore this study attempts to assess the impact of AFTA on FDI inflows as a proxy of its effectiveness on investment. This study adopts econometric model of Panel Data Analysis on both the Static Fixed Effects and Dynamic Panel Data (DPD) Analysis to find the impact of AFTA and other variables to FDI inflows. |
| Keywords: | Trade; Neoclassical Models of Trade; Long-Term Capital (FDI inflows); AFTA; Asian Economic Crisis |
| JEL: | F11 F1 F21 |
| Date: | 2012–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:42087&r=dev |
| By: | Tripathi, Sabyasachi |
| Abstract: | This paper calculates select urban inequality and poverty indices and finds their policy linkages. In addition, the determinants of urban poverty and inequality are estimated by using data of 52 large cities in India. The main results show that higher city economic growth and large city population agglomeration are associated with reduction in city poverty and increase in inequality between cities. |
| Keywords: | Urban Economic Growth; Inequality; Poverty; Urban India |
| JEL: | A10 I32 |
| Date: | 2012–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:42022&r=dev |
| By: | Safana, Shaheen; Masood, Sarwar; Muhammad, Waqas; Amir , Aslam |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates human capital and socio-economic factors in order to find out the personal earnings of workers in Sargodha District. The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data 2007-08 of Punjab has been used. Education and age are used as variables for human capital whereas, gender, age, age square, different classes of age, marital status, area, different education level, employment status, and tehsil dummies are used to investigate the determinants of personal earnings of the workers of Sargodha district. Ordinary least square results explore that education and age plays an important role in the determination of personal wage. Moreover, as the level of education increases the returns to each year of education also increases. Male workers earn more than female which indicates gender discrimination in the labour market. The most productive age is 40-45 years. The individual belongs to rural areas earn more than urban counterparts. When we analyzed the earning pattern in the context of different occupational classes the magnitude of agricultural sector is high. Hence, these facts highlight the importance of a district level growth/economic strategy because the dynamics and geography of each district is different from the other and the earning pattern of a particular district is closely aligned with its demographic conditions. |
| Keywords: | Human Capital; New Growth Strategy; Sargodha; Earnings |
| JEL: | J41 J24 R11 |
| Date: | 2012–10–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:41923&r=dev |
| By: | Ejaz Ghani; William R. Kerr; Christopher T. Stanton |
| Abstract: | This study examines the role of the Indian diaspora in the outsourcing of work to India. Our data are taken from oDesk, the world’s largest online platform for outsourced contracts, where India is the largest country in terms of contract volume. We use an ethnic name procedure to identify ethnic Indian users of oDesk in other countries around the world. We find very clear evidence that diaspora-based links matter on oDesk, with ethnic Indians in other countries 32% (9 percentage points) more likely to choose a worker in India. Yet, the size of the Indian diaspora on oDesk and the timing of its effects make clear that the Indian diaspora was not a very important factor in India becoming the leading country on oDesk for fulfilling work. In fact, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that diaspora use of oDesk increases with familiarity of the platform, rather than a scenario where diaspora connections serve to navigate uncertain environments. We further show that diaspora-based contracts mainly serve to lower costs for the company contacts outsourcing the work, as the workers in India are paid about the market wage for their work. These results and other observations lead to the conclusion that diaspora connections continue to be important even as online platforms provide many of the features that diaspora networks historically provided (e.g., information about potential workers, monitoring and reputation foundations). |
| JEL: | F15 F22 J15 J31 J44 L14 L24 L26 L84 M55 O32 |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18474&r=dev |