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on Demographic Economics |
| By: | Steven J. Davis; Cevat Giray Aksoy; Jose Maria Barrero; Nicholas Bloom; Katelyn Cranney; Mathias Dolls; Pablo Zarate |
| Abstract: | We investigate how fertility relates to work from home (WFH) in the post-pandemic era, drawing on original data from our Global Survey of Working Arrangements and U.S. Survey of Working Arrangements and Attitudes. Realized fertility from 2023 to 2025 and future planned fertility are higher among adults who WFH at least one day a week and, for couples, higher yet when both partners do so. Estimated lifetime fertility is greater by 0.32 children per woman when both partners WFH one or more days per week as compared to the case where neither does. The implications for national fertility rates differ across countries due mainly to large differences in WFH rates. In a complementary analysis using other U.S. data before and after the pandemic, one-year fertility rates rise with WFH opportunities in one's own occupation and, for couples, in the partner's occupation. |
| JEL: | J0 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34963 |
| By: | Pestieau, Pierre (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/CORE, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | As the demand for old age long-term care (LTC) continues to grow, it becomes crucial to evaluate the roles of its traditional providers: the state, the market, and the family. Initially, this book focuses on recent research concerning the contributions of families and the marketplace. Subsequently, recognizing the diminishing involvement of families and the limited role of market solutions in addressing LTC needs, it turns its attention to a series of studies that investigate the formulation of public policies aimed at supporting elderly individuals who are without family support and lack sufficient resources. These policies are designed to leverage both market mechanisms and family resources to create a comprehensive support system for the dependent elderly. Additionally, this book explores how different countries, particularly in Europe and North America, address disability and dependence within their LTC systems, revealing a diverse range of strategies and solutions. This comparative analysis helps identify effective practices and areas needing further attention in the structuring of social insurance and support systems. Through this exploration, we aim to foster a deeper understanding of how social norms and family solidarity influence LTC provision and how these elements can be integrated into more robust public policy frameworks. |
| Keywords: | Long-term care ; dependence ; social insurance ; family solidarity ; social norms |
| JEL: | I11 I12 I18 J14 |
| Date: | 2025–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cor:louvco:2026001 |
| By: | Bagues, Manuel (University of Warwick); Villa, Carmen (University of Zurich) |
| Abstract: | Official Spanish birth registry data report sex ratios well above expected levels between 1975 and 2000, peaking at 109 boys per 100 girls in the early 1980s, the highest in the world at that time. Prior research has attributed these elevated ratios to factors such as maternal age, birth order, and differential prenatal care. We show that they instead reflect systematic coding errors by the Spanish Statistical Office. Census data reveal normal sex ratios for the same cohorts. The birth registry also exhibits implausible monthly volatility and asymmetrically distributed outliers, consistent with one-directional miscoding of females as males. Additional corroborating evidence comes from provisional birth statistics, which show significantly lower sex ratios than the finalised records, and from anomalous patterns in adjacent fields on the birth registration form. Our findings underscore the responsibility of statistical agencies to validate administrative records and cross-check them against alternative sources. |
| Keywords: | sex ratio at birth, birth registry, coding errors, missing women in Spain |
| JEL: | J16 J13 C18 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18436 |
| By: | Leander Andres; Stefan Bauernschuster; Gordon B. Dahl; Helmut Rainer; Simone Schüller |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of birthright citizenship on youth crime. We leverage a reform which automatically granted birthright citizenship to eligible immigrant children born in Germany after January 1, 2000 and administrative crime data from three federal states. Immigrant youth who acquired citizenship at birth are substantially less likely to engage in criminal activity, with estimates indicating a 70% reduction. These results are particularly relevant in light of ongoing debates in the U.S. about abolishing birthright citizenship. Our findings suggest that inclusive citizenship policies can reduce crime and its associated costs, which in turn could strengthen social cohesion. |
| Keywords: | birthright citizenship, crime, immigration, integration |
| JEL: | D04 J15 K37 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fbk:wpaper:2026-02 |