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on Demographic Economics |
| By: | Isikawa, Mary; Zemanová, Květa; Jansons, Ziedonis; Tóthics, Zsófia |
| Abstract: | Life expectancy is a key indicator of population health and societal well-being, reflecting the combined effects of socioeconomic conditions, healthcare systems, lifestyle behaviors, and public policy interventions. This literature review synthesizes existing research on the determinants of life expectancy across European countries, highlighting the interplay between income, education, employment, healthcare access, and preventive health strategies. Evidence indicates that higher socioeconomic status, equitable healthcare provision, and effective public health policies contribute to increased longevity, while disparities in these factors exacerbate differences in life expectancy both within and between countries. The review also identifies gaps in the literature, particularly the need for integrated analyses that examine the combined effects of socioeconomic, healthcare, and policy determinants, as well as intra-country disparities. Findings from this review provide insights for researchers and policymakers seeking to enhance population health and reduce health inequities across Europe. |
| Keywords: | Life expectancy, Europe, socioeconomic determinants, healthcare systems, public health policy |
| JEL: | A1 A10 |
| Date: | 2025–08–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126184 |
| By: | Szabó, Ágoston; Guðmundsson, Sævar; Myint, Thant |
| Abstract: | Life expectancy in Europe is influenced not only by socioeconomic conditions and healthcare system performance but also by government-led public health policies. This literature review examines the role of policy interventions in shaping longevity across European populations, focusing on measures such as smoking bans, alcohol regulations, obesity prevention programs, vaccination campaigns, and health promotion initiatives. Evidence indicates that proactive and evidence-based policies, particularly when integrated with equitable healthcare access and supportive social structures, contribute to measurable improvements in life expectancy and reductions in preventable mortality. The review also highlights gaps in current research, including the need for long-term evaluations, analyses of policy interactions, and assessments of equity in outcomes. Findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and public health practitioners seeking to design interventions that maximize longevity and promote health equity across European countries. |
| Keywords: | Public health policy, life expectancy, Europe, preventive interventions, health equity |
| JEL: | I30 |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126185 |
| By: | Whitlock, Cassandra; Sterling, Genevieve; Kael'thas, Sunstrider; Géraud, DeVries |
| Abstract: | Labor market inequalities—including differences in income, gender, and employment type—play a critical role in shaping life expectancy disparities. This literature review synthesizes findings from 20 studies examining how formal versus informal employment, wage gaps, and occupational segregation influence longevity. Evidence indicates that secure, formal work and robust labor protections enhance life expectancy, while informal and precarious labor exacerbate disparities. The review highlights the mediating effects of socioeconomic status and gender, and identifies gaps for future research on integrated labor and health policies. |
| Keywords: | Labor market inequalities, Life expectancy disparities, Employment type |
| JEL: | J70 |
| Date: | 2024–12–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126182 |