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on Demographic Economics |
| By: | Boustan, Leah Platt (Princeton University and NBER); Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard (University of Oxford); Abramitzky, Ran (Stanford University); Jácome, Elisa (Northwestern University); Manning, Alan (London School of Economics); Perez, Santiago (University of California, Davis); Watley, Analysia (Princeton University); Adermon, Adrian (Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy (IFAU)); Arellano-Bover, Jaime (Yale University); Aslund, Olof (Uppsala University); Connolly, Marie (University of Melbourne); Deutscher, Nathan (University of Technology, Sydney); Gielen, Anne C. (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Giesing, Yvonne (Ifo Institute for Economic Research); Govind, Yajna (Copenhagen Business School); Halla, Martin (Vienna University of Economics and Business); Hangartner, Dominik (Stanford University); Jiang, Yuyan (University of Cambridge); Karmel, Cecilia (Australian National University); Landaud, Fanny (CNRS); Macmillan, Lindsey (University College London); Martínez, Isabel Z. (KOF Swiss Economic Institute); Polo, Alberto (New York University); Poutvaara, Panu (University of Munich); Rapoport, Hillel (Paris School of Economics); Roman, Sara (IFAU); Salvanes, Kjell G. (Norwegian School of Economics); San, Shmuel (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem); Siegenthaler, Michael (ETH Zurich); Sirugue, Louis (London School of Economics); Espín, Javier Soria (Paris School of Economics); Stuhler, Jan (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid); Violante, Giovanni L. (Princeton University); Webbink, Dinand (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Weber, Andrea (Central European University); Zhang, Jonathan (McMaster University); Zhang, Angela (University of Sydney); Zohar, Tom (CEMFI) |
| Abstract: | We estimate intergenerational mobility of immigrants and their children in fifteen receiving countries. We document large income gaps for first-generation immigrants that diminish in the second generation. Around half of the second-generation gap can be explained by differences in parental income, with the remainder due to differential rates of absolute mobility. The daughters of immigrants enjoy higher absolute mobility than daughters of locals in most destinations, while immigrant sons primarily enjoy this advantage in countries with long histories of immigration. Cross-country differences in absolute mobility are not driven by parental country-of-origin, but instead by destination labor markets and immigration policy. |
| Keywords: | immigration, intergenerational mobility |
| JEL: | J15 J61 J62 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17711 |
| By: | Battaglia, Emily (University of Delaware); Brown, Jessica H. (University of South Carolina) |
| Abstract: | Pregnancy accommodation laws require "reasonable accommodations" for pregnant workers, i.e., sitting down, lifting restrictions, and additional bathroom breaks. Although these laws may make it easier for women to remain employed during pregnancy, as a mandated benefit, they may also discourage employers from hiring employees who may become pregnant. We estimate the effect of pregnancy accommodation laws on labor market outcomes for women of childbearing age in order to determine whether these laws lead employers to discriminate against young women in hiring. Using a triple differences design comparing women's and men's labor market outcomes throughout the staggered roll-out of thirteen pregnancy accommodation laws from 2013 to 2016, we find no overall impact on female employment and wages. Under some specifications, we find women are more likely to choose occupations where physical abilities are important, suggesting possible increased accessibility. For subgroups more likely to be impacted - those with less education, in more physically-intense occupations, and married without children - we do find modest declines in earnings and employment. That the burden falls on both suggests women value the benefit but at less than it costs to provide. |
| Keywords: | pregnancy accommodations, mandated benefits |
| JEL: | K31 J32 I18 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17688 |