nep-dem 2019-06-10 papers

on Demographic Economics

Issue of 2019‒06‒10
two papers chosen by
Héctor Pifarré i Arolas
Universitat Pompeu Fabra

Racial Residential Segregation and Black Low Birth Weight, 1970-2010 By Niemesh, Gregory; Shester, Katharine
Demographic change and climate change By Rauscher, Michael

Racial Residential Segregation and Black Low Birth Weight, 1970-2010

By:	Niemesh, Gregory; Shester, Katharine
Abstract:	The black-white gap in low birth weight in the United States remains large and mostly unexplained. A large literature links segregation to adverse black birth outcomes but, to the best of our knowledge, no studies explore how this relationship has changed over time. We explore the relationship between racial residential segregation on black and white birth weights for the period 1970-2010. We find a negative effect of segregation on black birth outcomes that only emerges after 1980. We explore the potential pathways through which segregation influenced black birth outcomes and how these mechanisms may have changed over time. Measures for maternal socioeconomic status and behaviors accounts for 35 to 40 percent of the full segregation effect between 1990 and 2010. Single-motherhood and mother's education, and unobservable factors that load onto these variables, play important and increasing roles. After controlling for MSA and parent characteristics, segregation explains 21-25 percent of the raw black-white gap in low birth weight between 1990 and 2010.
Keywords:	Racial segregation, residential segregation, low birth weight, infant health
JEL:	I14 J13 J15 R23
Date:	2019–05–16
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:93972&r=all

Demographic change and climate change

By:	Rauscher, Michael
Abstract:	The paper uses a continuous-time overlapping-generations model with endogenous growth and pollution accumulation over time to study the link between longevity and global warming. It is seen that increasing longevity accelerates climate change in a business-as-usual scenario without climate policy. If a binding emission target is set exogenously and implemented via a cap-and-trade system, the price of emission permits is increasing in longevity. Longevity has no effect on the optimal solution of the climate problem if perfect intergenerational transfers are feasible. If these transfers are absent, the impact of longevity is ambiguous.
Date:	2019
URL:	http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:roswps:160&r=all

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