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on Discrete Choice Models |
| By: | Jianfei Li; Ioulia Ossokina; Theo Arentze |
| Abstract: | With the increasing need for urban green space in urban area to improve the climate adaptation of cities, the spatial planning of residential land-use faces new challenges. Therefore, land-use allocation models offer a useful tool to shed light on the trade-offs and generate suitable solutions for housing allocation problems. A critical prerequisite for housing allocation models is, however, that the value-function is specified such that it accurately represents buyers’ willingness-to-pay for dwelling and location characteristics in the housing market. Hedonic price analysis is the predominant method to estimate willingness-to-pay values based on housing transaction data. Due to high correlations between spatial factors, however, the ability to identify the parameters of spatial factors involved in such value functions is limited. The objective of this study is to apply an alternative method to accurately measure households’ preferences of housing location and its neighborhood characteristics that is based on a stated choice experiment. In this paper, we present the results of a stated choice experiment that we developed for this purpose. The population consists of homeowners (households) in middle-sized to large-sized cities in the Netherlands. The experiment consists of two parts to measure preferences for neighborhood characteristics and for accessibility of urban amenities respectively. The price of the dwelling is an attribute in both experiments so that a single discrete choice model can be estimated based on the pooled data from the two experiments. The experiments are implemented in an on-line survey and data is collected for a large national sample of homeowners in the Netherlands. This study will provide quantitative insight into homeowners’ preferences (willingness to pay) regarding spatial characteristics of a dwelling. By doing this, we obtain an empirically estimated housing land-use allocation model. This model offers a tool to municipalities and housing developers to optimize urban housing development taking into account financial, climate, and social objectives (match demand and supply of housing). In the paper, we describe the design of the experiments, the data collection, the results of a loglikelihood estimation and we show how the estimation results can be used to specify a state-of-the-art housing allocation model. |
| Keywords: | housing preferences; neighborhood environment; Stated Choice Experiment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2021_78&r= |
| By: | Kilders, Valerie; Caputo, Vincenzina |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312693&r= |
| By: | Charles Collet (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascal Gastineau (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel); Benoit Chèze (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); Frederic Martinez (AME-DCM - Dynamiques des changements de mobilité - Université de Lyon - Université Gustave Eiffel); Pierre-Alexandre Mahieu (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - IEMN-IAE Nantes - Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - UN - Université de Nantes - IUML - FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UN - Université de Nantes - ECN - École Centrale de Nantes - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The transportation sector constitutes one of the main contributors to CO2 emissions. Several incentive measures have been already proposed by economists to mitigate these emissions. But, as we all know, these tools have met with mixed success. This paper proposes the use of attribute valence framing, i.e. a description of the same object/characteristics positively or negatively, in order to reduce CO2 emissions. This so-called nudge is easier to implement than more traditional tools, such as taxation, and does not rely on the stringent assumption that individuals are fully rational. The findings from a discrete choice experiment focusing on long-distance travel choice are reported herein. Results indicate that a loss framing on CO2 emissions significantly increases the respondents' practice of pro-environmental behaviors. The framing effect is larger when applied to CO2 than to travel duration (+50% and +30% of the willingness to pay, respectively). In employing psychological constructs, it is shown that preferences are affected by individuals' psychological features (i.e. a preference for the future and environmental self-identity), and moreover that the magnitude of the framing effect depends on individuals' motivational strategies. |
| Keywords: | Framing effect,Discrete choice experiment,Pro-environmental behavior,Travelers' willingness to pay |
| Date: | 2021–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-03321706&r= |
| By: | Oyetunde-Usman, Zainab; Shee, Apurba |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, International Development |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312821&r= |
| By: | Morgan, Stephen N.; Farris, Jarrad G. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312707&r= |
| By: | Juan Wang; Gamze Dane; Harry Timmermans |
| Abstract: | Car commuters contribute significantly to carbon emissions and seem largely insensitive to dedicated modal shift transportation policy initiatives. Therefore, integrated policies that target multiple life domains may be more effective. In this study, we investigate commuters’ preferences for carsharing facilitating neighborhoods as well as their potential travel behaviors shift if they move to such neighborhoods. This policy, combining real estate, sustainable planning and transportation, aims to reduce neighborhoods parking needs and therefore parking facilities. In compensation, residents are provided convenient access to shared vehicles against lower costs and a better living environment, reflected in more green space or safer children playing areas or larger flats. To examine the potential interest in moving to such neighborhoods, a stated choice experiment is designed that systematically varies attributes of carsharing facilitating neighborhoods to elicit the utility of a carsharing facilitating neighborhood for commuters with a particular socio-demographic profile and commuting behavior. In total, 369 valid responses from commuters who currently live in urban areas in The Netherlands were gathered for the analysis. To derive the utility of carsharing facilitating neighborhoods of a particular profile, a mixed logit model is estimated. Results indicate that the utility of a carsharing facilitating neighborhood primarily depends on carsharing cost, housing costs and housing size. The utility varies with socio-demographic characteristics, such as living city, educational level, monthly income, work status and commuting behavior, measured in terms of private car ownership, carsharing subscription, commuting mode and commuting time. Regarding shifts in travel mode, 25.5% of the respondents stated that they would reduce private car ownership if they would live in a carsharing facilitating neighborhood. 32.8% of the respondents stated that they would use shared vehicles in such neighborhoods for travelling to the office, and 18.7% stated they would use them to access transit. These results can help real estate developers and policy makers understanding how to develop appealing carsharing facilitating neighbourhoods for targeted commuters groups. |
| Keywords: | Carsharing facilitating neighborhoods; Commuting; mixed logit model; Stated Choice Experiment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2021_10&r= |
| By: | Penn, Jerrod; Hu, Wuyang; Vassalos, Michael |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Marketing, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312858&r= |
| By: | John C. Beghin; Christopher R. Gustafson |
| Abstract: | We review the emerging international body of evidence on attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for novel foods produced with New Plant Engineering Techniques (NPETs). NPETs include genome/gene editing, cisgenesis, intragenesis, RNA interference and others. These novel foods are often beneficial for the environment and human health and more sustainable under increasingly prevalent climate extremes. These techniques can also improve animal welfare and disease resistance when applied to animals. Despite these promising attributes, evidence suggests that many, but not all consumers, discount these novel foods relative to conventional ones. Our systematic review sorts out findings to identify conditioning factors which can increase the acceptance of and WTP for these novel foods in a significant segment of consumers. International patterns of acceptance are identified. We also analyze how information and knowledge interact with consumer acceptance of these novel foods and technologies. Heterogeneity of consumers across cultures and borders, and in attitudes towards science and innovation emerges as key determinants of acceptance and WTP. Acceptance and WTP tend to increase when beneficial attributes-as opposed to producer-oriented cost-saving attributes-are generated by NPETs. NPETs improved foods are systematically less discounted than transgenic foods. Most of the valuation elicitations are based on hypothetical experiments and surveys and await validation through revealed preferences in actual purchases in food retailing environments. |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:21-wp621&r= |
| By: | Young, Alicia M.; Riley, John M. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312826&r= |
| By: | Smetana, Kerri; Melstrom, Richard; Malone, Trey |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agribusiness, Marketing |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312890&r= |
| By: | Beghin, John C.; Gustafson, Christopher R. |
| Abstract: | We review the emerging international body of evidence on attitudes and willingness to 10 pay (WTP) for novel foods produced with New Plant Engineering Techniques (NPETs). NPETs include genome/gene editing, cisgenesis, intragenesis, RNA interference and others. These novel foods are often beneficial for the environment and human health and more sustainable under increasingly prevalent climate extremes. These techniques can also improve animal welfare and disease resistance when applied to animals. Despite these promising attributes, evidence suggests that many, but not all consumers, discount these novel foods relative to conventional ones. Our systematic review sorts out findings to identify conditioning factors which can increase the acceptance of and WTP for these novel foods in a significant segment of consumers. International patterns of acceptance are identified. We also analyze how information and knowledge interact with consumer acceptance of these novel foods and technologies. Heterogeneity of consumers across cultures and borders, and in attitudes towards science and innovation emerges as key determinants of acceptance and WTP. Acceptance and WTP tend to increase when beneficial attributes—as opposed to producer-oriented cost-saving attributes—are generated by NPETs. NPETs improved foods are systematically less discounted than transgenic foods. Most of the valuation elicitations are based on hypothetical experiments and surveys and await validation through revealed preferences in actual purchases in food retailing environments. |
| Date: | 2021–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:202108250700001133&r= |
| By: | Britwum, Kofi; Demont, Matty |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agribusiness, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312673&r= |
| By: | Hu, Yingyao (Johns Hopkins University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a novel self-report approach to identify a general causal model with an unobserved covariate, which can be unobserved heterogeneity or an unobserved choice variable. It shows that a carefully designed noninvasive survey procedure can provide enough information to identify the complete causal model through the joint distribution of the observables and the unobservable. The global nonparametric point identification results provide sufficient conditions under which the joint distribution of four observables, two in a causal model and two from surveys, uniquely determines the joint distribution of the unobservable in the causal model and the four observables. The identification of such a joint distribution including the unobserved covariate implies that the complete causal model is identified. |
| Keywords: | Causal model, Measurement error model, Nonparametric identification |
| JEL: | C01 C14 |
| Date: | 2021–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jhu:papers:64330&r= |
| By: | Arnold, Chelsea; Taylor, Mykel R. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312753&r= |
| By: | Houda El Ferachi (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Hicham Bouchartat (UIC - Université Internationale de Casablanca) |
| Abstract: | This research aims to establish the link between the country of origin (made in) and the consumer buying behavior, through the exploration of pasta consumption in Morocco. The main objectives of this study are to determine the preferences of the Moroccan consumers (current and potential) regarding pasta products that are made in Morocco as opposed to the imported ones; to gage their perception of the Moroccan brands; and to identify the key purchasing factors of the "made in Morocco" pasta. Our methodological choice focused on the quantitative method known as a sample survey. The study was carried out on 105 individuals; 15 cities were represented with, however, dominance of the Rabat-Salé region, and a rich diversity in terms of family situations, ages, and socio-professional categories. The questionnaire was administered face to face in part and online for the remainder. It appears that Moroccans consume pasta of Moroccan origin more than pasta of foreign origin. This preference is not explained by ethnocentrism as one would expect and would not necessarily reflect the behavior of an engaged, economically responsible, or culturally attached citizen. It is explained by intrinsic determinants such as price, quality, and availability of Moroccan pasta. For these same reasons, the perception of Moroccan pasta is rather positive. This perception is upheld by the reputation of the Moroccan brands, in particular the brands Tria and Dari (2021). The results we have achieved are generally satisfactory, but slightly offend the findings of previous studies on the subject. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche vise à établir le lien entre le pays d'origine (made in) et le comportement d'achat du consommateur, à travers l'exploration de la consommation de pâtes au Maroc. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude sont de déterminer les préférences des consommateurs marocains (actuels et potentiels) concernant les produits de pâtes qui sont fabriqués au Maroc par opposition aux produits importés ; mesurer la perception des marques marocaines ; et d'identifier les facteurs clés d'achat des pâtes « made in Morocco ». Notre choix méthodologique a porté sur la méthode quantitative dit enquête par sondage. L'étude a été réalisée auprès de 105 individus ; 15 villes ont été représentées avec toutefois une domination de la région Rabat-Salé, et une riche diversité en termes de situations familiales, d'âges, et de catégories socioprofessionnelles. Le questionnaire a été administré en face à face en partie et en ligne pour le reste. Il apparaît que les Marocains consomment plus de pâtes d'origine marocaine que de pâtes d'origine étrangère. Cette préférence ne s'explique pas par l'ethnocentrisme comme on pourrait s'y attendre et ne refléterait pas nécessairement le comportement d'un citoyen engagé, économiquement responsable ou culturellement attaché. Elle s'explique par des déterminants intrinsèques tels que le prix, la qualité et la disponibilité des pâtes marocaines. Pour ces mêmes raisons, la perception des pâtes marocaines est plutôt positive. Cette perception est confortée par la notoriété des marques marocaines, notamment les marques Tria et Dari (2021). Les résultats auxquels nous avons abouti sont satisfaisants dans l'ensemble, mais heurtent légèrement les trouvailles d'études précédentes sur le sujet. |
| Keywords: | Country of origin,Perception,Key Decision Factors,Made in Morocco,Pays d'origine,Facteurs de Décision Clés,Made in Maroc |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03324195&r= |