| By: |
Pierre Gaffuri (LMGP - Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, NEEL - Institut Néel - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes);
Elena Stolyarova (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes);
Daniel Llerena (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes);
Estelle Appert (LMGP - Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes);
Marianne Consonni (CEA-LETI - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information - DRT (CEA) - Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives);
Stéphane Robin (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes);
Vincent Consonni (LMGP - Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: |
White light emitting diodes (wLEDs) have become, in the last decade, the most
efficient device for most lighting applications. They are mainly composed of
indium and gallium for the blue emitting LED, and rare-earth elements for the
phosphor producing the yellow component of the white light. Those elements are
crucial to achieve the excellent lighting properties of wLEDs, but they are
systematically ranked among the most critical materials. In the present
review, the essential roles of indium, gallium and rare-earth elements in
wLEDs are specified, and their criticality through the main criteria of supply
shortage risk and economic importance is discussed in detail in the light of
the wLED market. The opportunities and technological challenges of their
reduction using nano-sized objects and substitution using non-critical
materials are considered in relation to the resulting changes in the
performance of wLEDs, but also to the stated preference of consumers of the
final product, creating an opportunity for trade-offs between the performance
and avoidance of critical materials in wLEDs. The economic value that a
consumer could place in a critical material-free wLED is further estimated
through a choice experiment conducted with 297 consumers. The results obtained
show a positive, significant willingness to pay for critical material-free
wLEDs. On average, consumers are ready to pay €2.82 more for a wLED sold at
€10. The present approach addresses the transdisciplinary problem of the
reduction and substitution of critical materials in functional devices
intended for consumers, and can be generalized to other energy-related
materials and devices. |
| Keywords: |
Light emitting diode,Critical materials,Reduction and substitution,Technological alternatives,Sustainable materials,Consumer behavior |
| Date: |
2021–06 |
| URL: |
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03177349&r=all |