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on Discrete Choice Models |
| By: | André De Palma (ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan, Department of Economics, Ecole Polytechnique - CNRS - Polytechnique - X); Karim Kilani (LIRSA CNAM - ISC Paris Business School - ISC Paris Business School, IEMN - Institut d'électronique, de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie - CNRS - Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN) - Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies) |
| Abstract: | We prove a general identity which states that any element of a tuple (ordered set) can be obtained as an alternating binomial weighted sum of rst elements of some sub-tuples. The identity is then applied within the random utility models framework where any alternative's ordered choice probability (the probability that it has a given rank) is expressed with respect to standard best choice probabilities. The logit and the logsum formulas are extended to their ordered choice counterparts. In a symmetric case, we compare for the probit and the logit, the surplus loss due to the withdrawal of a product with the damage due to the loss of a rank. |
| Date: | 2015–03–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01130603&r=all |
| By: | Elena Stolyarova (CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, EDF R&D - EDF - Electricité de France); Hélène Le Cadre (CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris); Dominique Osso (EDF R&D - EDF - Electricité de France); Benoit Allibe (EDF R&D - EDF - Electricité de France) |
| Abstract: | Energy retrofits are an important leverage to reduce energy consumption in dwellings, especially for space heating. In this paper, we use a discrete choice experiment on space heating for both detached houses and apartments in France. In our choice experiment, we asked 1,820 respondents, both owners and tenants, to imagine that their current space heating system had broken down and that they had to choose a new one to replace it. A multinomial logit model was used to analyze the households preferences and willingness to pay for various space heating system attributes. We found that in general households prefer renewable sources and systems, but avoid wood. Preferences for familiar technologies have a considerable impact on the probabilities of choice and could represent a significant obstacle to the development of energy-efficient equipment. Willingness to pay for attributes that control energy consumption depends on thermal comfort preferences. The more cold-sensitive the household, the more willing it is to invest to renewable energy sources and to set temperature management. |
| Date: | 2015–05–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01160059&r=all |
| By: | Elena Stolyarova (CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, EDF R&D - EDF R&D - EDF Recherche et Développement); Hélène Le Cadre (CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris); Dominique Osso (EDF R&D - EDF R&D - EDF Recherche et Développement); Benoit Allibe (EDF R&D - EDF R&D - EDF Recherche et Développement); Nadia Maïzi (CMA - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an empirical analysis of the supply-side constraints that impact household choices of space heating systems in French dwellings. Based on data from the 2006 National Housing Survey and the 2013 Household Survey, we estimate discrete choice models using socio-demographic, dwelling and spatial characteristics as determinants of choice. In order to capture the supply-side constraints, we perform a post-estimation clustering based on the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, which allows us to determine the groups of households that are most likely to choose each considered space heating system. The results suggest that for 2006, households living in individual houses preferred to heat space using an individual boiler, whereas those living in apartments opted for direct electric heating. In 2013 all households preferred direct electric heating, and wood heating became their second choice. The discrete choice models do not show a significant change in behavior from 2006 to 2013. The post-estimation clustering indicates that many households were strongly constrained by the conditions and characteristics of their living space in 2006. The mean probability of choosing direct electric heating or a boiler was more than 0.8 for 21% of households living in houses and for 36% living in apartments. Thus, these households did not seem to have a choice. In 2013 the supply-side constraints were weaker. The highest mean probability (0.755) is observed in the group opting for an individual boiler. We also observe an increase in the popularity of heat pump and wood heating systems. |
| Date: | 2015–02–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01113230&r=all |
| By: | Novelli, Silvia; Corsi, Alessandro |
| Abstract: | Direct purchases are a widespread and important typology of the so-called Alternative Food Networks. Within this channel, farmers’ markets represent a popular and deeply investigated farmer-to-consumer market segment. While farmers’ markets are a quite recent initiatives, it is traditional to find in many towns in Italy both conventional stands and farmers’ stands selling fruit and vegetables in the same district market. We therefore analyse the behavioural characteristics of local market consumers choosing to purchase from farmers in order to point out the determinants of their choice. The consumers’ preferences were assessed through an in-person survey. Data were collected interviewing consumers in open-air markets in Torino, Cuneo, Alessandria and Asti, four cities in Piedmont Region (Italy) where farmers sell their products. The determinants of the choice to buy from farm stands were analysed with a probit model using a final sample of 1,138 respondents. Explanatory variables comprise the consumers’ general attitudes towards the purchase of food (importance given to convenience, price, quality and trust) and their personal characteristics. Also, other variables were added in order to highlight the possible role of markets and areas with distinctive characteristics. The most important factor affecting consumers’ choice for farm stand is the quest for quality. Consumers with a strong interest in quality are significantly more likely to buy from farmers. Among the personal characteristics, being the household member in charge of buying fruits and vegetables, and education, are the main determinants of the choice of farmers’ stands. On the contrary, the effects of variables such as income and job skill level are not clear enough,and seem to be open to different interpretations. |
| Keywords: | Alternative Food Networks, direct purchase, consumers’ choices, Agricultural and Food Policy, D4, Q13, |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aiea15:207289&r=all |
| By: | Marko Kryvobokov (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État [ENTPE]); Louafi Bouzouina (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État [ENTPE]) |
| Abstract: | The hypothesis that different income groups have different willingness to pay for accessibility to the city centre is based on the standard monocentric model. This hypothesis is empirically tested with accessibility attributes in a hedonic model of apartment prices in the suburbs of the city of Lyon, France. The conditions of residential segregation are described, and apartment prices in the poor and the rich suburbs are analysed with regression techniques. Travel times to two urban centres are accounted for, as well as centrality and accessibility integral indexes. We found that in the selected areas the hypothesis is true. Spatial differences between the estimates for accessibility measures are significant. In more socially problematic areas, the willingness to pay for better accessibility is higher. |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01082820&r=all |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - CNRS - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis); Walid Hadhri (UAQUAP - Unité de Recherche en Analyses Quantitatives Appliquées à la l'Economie et à la Gestion - ISG - Institut Supérieur de Gestion de Tunis [Tunis] - Université de Tunis [Tunis]); Hatem M'Henni (LARIME - Laboratoire de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Mutations des Economies et des Entreprises - Université de Tunis (TUNISIA)) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between the adoption of Information Technologies (IT) and the adoption of New Organizational Practices (NOP) in the context of an emerging country (Tunisia). Based on face-to-face questionnaire, to a random sample of 175 Tunisian manufactures, and using an ordered logit model, our empirical results show a significant link between IT adoption and NOP. We show that the complementarity is strengthened when the technology evolves. Adoption and usage of latest technologies are pushed by the prior adoption of NOP. |
| Date: | 2014–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01079373&r=all |