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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Manzura Jumaniyazova (TU Munich, TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, Germany); Cara Ebert (RWI Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Germany); Janina I. Steinert (TU Munich, TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology & TUM School of Medicine and Health, Germany) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how son preference shapes physical growth outcomes of children under the age of five in Central Asia, where cultural preferences favour youngest sons. In a sample of over 40, 000 children aged 0-5 years in five Central Asian countries, we estimate how height-for-age and weight-forage vary by children’s birth order and gender. Our results show a strong birth order gradient in growth of equal size for boys and girls, suggesting unequal intra-household resource allocation consistent with quantity-quality trade-offs. Despite the patriarchal social structure of the included countries, our analysis finds no evidence that preferences to have sons translate into differential growth outcomes by gender. |
| Keywords: | son preference, birth order, child nutrition, Central Asia |
| JEL: | I12 I14 J12 J13 Z13 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aiw:wpaper:46 |
| By: | Gaisina, Sholpan |
| Abstract: | The financing of agricultural producers is one of the most acute problems along the entire scope of economic reforms in Kazakhstan. The issue is: What kind of financial sources could maintain the development of agricultural production? Internal sources such as profit, depreciation capital, and various reserve and insurance funds can not be considered as a key financial base. State financial support of agriculture in Kazakhstan (which plays a significant role in the most developed countries), is episodic in nature, small in size and typically does not reach the recipients. In these circumstances, a potential supplier of financial and investment resources could be a banking system and such non-banking credit institutions as credit cooperatives. Econometric analysis is used to analyze the determinants of credit access. Results suggest that access to subsidized credit has a significant role in determining access to bank credits and investment activity of agricultural enterprises. Major determinants of credit rationing are the size of arable land possessed by the agricultural enterprise and the cost of equipment, expressing an ability of borrower to use them as collateral. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Political Economy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamo10:90801 |
| By: | Mandler, Andreas |
| Abstract: | The present article investigates the influence of local governance on agricultural advisory services in Tajikistan. The Central Asian Republic of Tajikistan is an agricultural country that has been described as a hybrid state, where local governance tends to be dominated by a few powerful actors. Local governance processes do have a strong influence on the agriculture practise and on the exchange of the knowledge. Agricultural advisory services claim various effects in the country. Especially in regions that are dominated by monocultures, advisory services have limited success. Therefore the present article assumes that the nexus of knowledge and innovation in Tajik agriculture is largely dependent on the decision-making of local governance processes. The article outlines the important role of local governance for distribution and use of knowledge in rural areas and emphasizes the context of agricultural advisory services in Tajikistan. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Political Economy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamo10:90806 |
| By: | Undeland, Asyl; Burns, Tony; Deininger, Klaus W.; Selod, Harris |
| Abstract: | There is a growing recognition that well-defined and enforceable property rights to land are important for a range of economic and social functions. To assess land governance at the country level, the World Bank has elaborated a diagnostic tool based on empirical indicators that aims to identify areas for improvement and that could be used to monitor progress in the land sector. This tool, the Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF), was first tested in Peru, Ethiopia, Tanzania, Indonesia and in the Kyrgyz Republic, and is currently being implemented in a number of other countries worldwide. The present paper summarizes the main results obtained from the Kyrgyz pilot to illustrate the case of land governance issues that arise in a post-transition economy formerly influenced by Soviet-style land administration and which made the transition towards private ownership of land over a decade ago. Policy recommendations are derived based on the assessment. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Political Economy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iamo10:90831 |
| By: | Sinanoglu, Semuhi; von Schiller, Armin |
| Abstract: | How do e-government tools that enable direct online communication with the executive affect citizens' support for autocracy? On the one hand, such centralised digital government tools may sway public opinion in favour of strongman rule at the expense of autocratic institutions; on the other hand, such participation and responsiveness may unintentionally unveil a wide range of issues in the country, undermining trust in the regime. We examine an electronic platform in Turkey, CIMER, that allows citizens to submit petitions and complaints, send messages to the president, and propose policies and programmes. We conducted a well-powered online survey experiment with a nationally representative sample (N≈4, 600) that estimates the effects of different types of regime propaganda around this e-portal on attitudinal and quasi-behavioural outcomes. The results suggest that propaganda through CIMER improves diffuse support for the regime and generates behavioural compliance, even among opposition voters. However, these positive effects accrue to regime institutions rather than to Erdoğan personally as the executive's personalistic leader. On certain dimensions, the propaganda backfires among the regime's core support groups, eroding their perceptions of Erdoğan's popularity as a leader. These results have major implications for the expected downstream effects of these types of digital tools on regime stability and legitimacy, and they add to the growing warnings about holding overly optimistic views concerning the effects of digitalisation on democracy. |
| Keywords: | authoritarian responsiveness, normative support, legitimacy, satisfaction with regime, trust, efficacy, propaganda, digitalisation, public administration |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:334475 |