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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Хакимжанов Сабит // Khakimzhanov Sabit (National Bank of Kazakhstan); Джусангалиева Камилла // Jussangaliyeva (National Bank of Kazakhstan) |
| Abstract: | Механизм предельных ставок фонда гарантирования депозитов был дополнен платой за системный риск, в основе которой заложен принцип налога Пигу. Дополнительный взнос за системный риск был внедрен для сдерживания чрезмерно агрессивной конкуренции по цене на рынке депозитов путем создания дополнительных явных финансовых издержек, которые могут компенсировать выгоду отдельных банков от увеличения доли депозитного рынка. Однако существующая неэластичность внедренного механизма, проявляющаяся в отсутствии стабильного давления на всем диапазоне ставок, диктует необходимость его реформирования. В данной статье авторы раскрывают детали внедренного механизма интернализации системного риска на рынке депозитов, причины, побудившие к его внедрению, оценку его успешности и пути дальнейшего реформирования. // The framework for cap rates of the deposit insurance fund was supplemented by a systemic risk fee based on the Pigouvian tax principle. An additional fee for systemic risk was introduced to curb overly aggressive price competition in the deposit market by creating incremental explicit financial costs that could offset the gain to individual banks from the increased deposit market share. However, the existing inelasticity of the implemented framework, which manifests itself in the absence of stable pressure over the entire range of rates, necessitates its reform. In this study, the authors give insight into the details of the implemented mechanism for the systemic risk internalization in the deposit market, the reasons that prompted its implementation, evaluation of its success and ways for a further reform. |
| Keywords: | налог Пигу, пекуниарные экстерналии, рынок депозитов, система гарантирования депозитов, страхование вкладов, системный риск, моральный риск, Казахстанский фонд гарантирования депозитов, плата за системный риск, Pigouvian tax, pecuniary externalities, deposit market, deposit insurance system, deposit insurance, systemic risk, moral hazard, Kazakhstan Deposit Insurance Fund, systemic risk fee |
| JEL: | E43 G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aob:wpaper:42 |
| By: | Giovanis, Eleftherios |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The effects of disability are well recognised by the social security systems worldwide. This study aims to examine the disability and health-related costs of Syrian migrants in Turkey using the standard of living (SoL) approach. Design/Methodology: The empirical analysis relies on primary data collected from 1, 067 Syrian migrants in Turkey, and we apply the ordered Probit model. The SoL is operationalized by frequency of attendance to a Turkish theatrical play or movie, inviting Turkish friends for food and attending a theatrical play or movie with Turkish friends. Findings: The findings show that health problems and disability are negatively related to the frequency of participation in socio-cultural activities. Moreover, employed, wealthier and educated Syrian migrants participate more frequently in the social and cultural activities explored. Practical Implications: The results show that the costs range between 9-38 per cent, which translates in monetary values between 3, 700-10, 700 Turkish Liras (TL) per annum or between 530-1, 530 US Dollars (USD) expressed in 2020 values. These findings highlight the significant cost and burden that disability and health problems may put in migrant households. Social Implications: Policies encouraging immigrants to participate in socio-cultural events, particularly those with disabilities and health issues, may promote their integration into the host society’s social and cultural values. Furthermore, policies improving employment opportunities, income, and educational attainment of Syrian migrants may enhance their participation in socio-cultural activities. Originality: This is the first study exploring the disability and health costs of migrants related to integration and participation in cultural activities. |
| Keywords: | Disability and Health Costs; Mental Health; Standard of Living Approach; Syrian Migrants; Socio-Cultural participation |
| JEL: | I14 I31 I32 J15 O15 |
| Date: | 2023–02–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116299 |
| By: | Оспанов Нурлан // Ospanov Nurlan (National Bank of Kazakhstan); Елизарова Оксана // Elizarova Oksana (National Bank of Kazakhstan); Баймагамбетов Акылжан // Baimagambetov Akylzhan (National Bank of Kazakhstan); Ускенбаев Азат // Azat Uskenbayev (National Bank of Kazakhstan); Муратов Жасулан // Muratov Zhassulan (National Bank of Kazakhstan) |
| Abstract: | НБРК продолжает цикл исследований, посвященных совершенствованию статистики платежного баланса. Целью данного исследования является расширение охвата статистики платежного баланса по отдельным видам внешнеэкономических операций физических лиц, улучшению качества и достоверности статистики внешнего сектора. В исследовании представлены тенденции развития трансграничной электронной торговли и подходы оценки ее объемов в показателях платежного баланса. // The NBK continues the cycle of research aimed at improving the balance of payments statistics. The aim of this study is expanding the coverage of the balance of payments statistics for certain types of foreign economic transactions of individuals, improving the quality and reliability of external sector statistics. The study presents trends in the development of cross-border e-commerce and approaches to assessing its volumes in terms of the balance of payments. |
| Keywords: | платежный баланс, электронная торговля, интернет площадки, МСС код, balance of payments, e-commerce, MCC |
| JEL: | F14 C82 L81 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aob:wpaper:41 |
| By: | Vahedi, Meisam; Akhtar, Iqbal |
| Abstract: | Islamic feminism in Iran is defined as the radical rethinking of religious and sacred texts from a feminist perspective. This research aims to show how Islamic feminism developed in Iran and discuss the philosophical and epistemological foundations of different discourses influencing that movement. This study utilizes documentary research methods. It shows that central to the development of Islamic feminism is the development of the reformist movement in Iran. Reformists believe that employing justice in Islamic laws requires a novel hermeneutic interpretation of sacred texts that account for absolute equality in men’s and women’s rights. However, traditional and neo-traditional jurists present different interpretations of the notion of justice regarding gender relations. They believe that since men and women have existential and inborn differences, they hold separate rights and duties, especially regarding their social and family roles. Accordingly, two kinds of law are needed to regulate their lives. Using reformist theories, Muslim feminists in Iran have challenged the traditional interpretation of sacred texts and called for women’s rights as equal to men’s in the Islamic constitution. |
| Date: | 2023–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:6rycu |
| By: | Das, Gouranga G.; Ginting, Edimon; Horridge, Mark; Yamano, Takashi |
| Abstract: | Kyrgyzstan economy have undergone transition from a different economic system in the 1990s until now. For stimulating a diversified long-run growth in Kyrgyzstan, the region needs to overcome spatial fragmentation by integrating the regions for economic development translating into national growth, and wider welfare gains. For sustained basis and shared prosperity, several policies are necessary for reforming basic services, human development, connectivity via infrastructure, industrial as well as agricultural performance, and a conducive business environment. In this paper, we assess the potential impacts of selected structural reform measures using a newly developed comparative-static forecasting model tailored to suit Kyrgyzstan economy--a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model (KGZORANI)-with a detailed Input-Output table for 34 sectors, and SAM of the national economy as of 2015. Economy is disaggregated into 9 regions. The reform initiatives are designed for enhancement of productivity and efficiency in agriculture, services such as trade, tourism, and transport, logistics, some manufacturing for industrialization, as well as power and energy sector like electricity, and global integration via trade and FDI. Policy reform simulation demonstrates that regional and global integration via improvement in transport and logistics will facilitate modern E-commerce, and boost productivity with real GDP growth. Given the dependence on agriculture and tourism, this kind of diversification is conducive for becoming non-susceptible to external vulnerability. Thus, structural reform facilitates growth across the oblasts (7 regions and 2 cities) in Kyrgyzstan and moves the economy by another 1.41 percentage points annually over the baseline path to 2030. |
| Keywords: | Computable General Equilibrium Models, Growth Diagnostics, Productivity effects, FDI, Trade, Structural Transformation, Economic Reforms, Regional Cooperation, Central Asia |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1250 |
| By: | Vasiev, Faridun, |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this survey is to evaluate the content and structure of the consumer basket and its affordability for various social groups in the country’s population. This will also be the basis for planning future strategy for the socio-economic development of the Republic of Tajikistan’s population. |
| Keywords: | consumer behaviour, labour market |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995227991902676 |