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on Central and Western Asia |
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Issue of 2022‒09‒19
three papers chosen by |
| By: | Luca, Davide |
| Abstract: | Despite a large body of work on the impacts of institutions on subnational growth and development, economic geographers have, in the last decades, frequently overlooked the role of politics and, in particular, that of national political economies. Drawing on the political science literature, the article argues that studying national political dynamics is still key to understand the cumulative process of uneven regional development. Using data from Turkey over the period 2004-2016, the article shows how national electoral politics and government actions have significantly affected provincial growth patterns. The impact is substantive and increases in election years. Results also suggest that the central government may have influenced sub-national growth trajectories in different ways, including boosting the construction sector and expanding public employment. |
| Keywords: | distributive politics; electoral politics; politics of development; regional economic growth; Turkey |
| JEL: | D72 H73 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2022–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115939&r= |
| By: | Murat Kirdar (Murat Güray Kırdar); İsmet Koç (İsmet Koç); Meltem DayıoÄŸlu (Meltem DayıoÄŸlu) |
| Abstract: | Although school integration of the children of economic migrants in developed countries is well-studied in the literature, little evidence based on large-scale representative data exists on the school integration of refugee children—many of whom live in low- or middle-income countries. This study focuses on Syrian refugee children in Turkey and examines the underlying causes of native– refugee differences in school enrolment. For this purpose, we use the 2018 Turkish Demographic and Health Survey, which includes a representative sample of Syrian refugee households. Accounting for a rich set of socioeconomic variables, we find that the native–refugee gap in school enrolment drops by half for boys and two-thirds for girls, but the gap persists for both genders. When we restrict the sample to refugees who arrived in Turkey at or before age 8 and account for socioeconomic differences, the native–refugee gap completely vanishes for both boys and girls, indicating that school integration of refugee children in Turkey has been possible conditional on their age at arrival. We also find that the timing of boys’ school dropouts coincides with their entry into the labor market, whereas girls’ dropouts mostly occur before marriage age. Finally, we reveal important differences between natives and refugees, as well as early and late arrivers among refugees, in never starting school, grade progression and repetition, dropping out, and grade for age. |
| Keywords: | refugees; education; school enrollment; integration; child labor; marriage; Turkey |
| JEL: | F22 I21 I28 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:2217&r= |
| By: | Barlas, Ahmad Walid; Ammar, Abdullah |
| Abstract: | Migration of Afghans, particularly the young generation made headlines, when the Taliban took power in Afghanistan. Many countries including the USA, Germany, UK, Canada and Australia brought major changes in assessing documents of Afghan asylum seekers at risk. This paper studies the opinion of Afghan youth migrating under the Taliban regime. We surveyed 280 youth in Balkh and Samangan provinces of Afghanistan. The respondents were selected using convenience and snow balling sampling strategies. The administrated questionnaire consisted of three main segments such as demographic characteristics, financial condition and migration. The findings expose that 91% of the respondents think of migrating to other countries. Furthermore, they confirmed insecurity, unemployment, dissatisfaction with the Taliban and exposing restrictions on women activities by the Taliban as the key drivers of their desire to emigrate. The majority of the youth surveyed (83%) consider regular migration channels in particular family reunion, study visa, humanitarian and labor visas. Even so, 17% of young people think of migrating through irregular channels. A significant proportion of the respondents (40%) selected Germany as a de-sired country of their destination among other options. This paper makes recommendations for improving the job market and providing better security services to discourage young people from leaving the country. |
| Keywords: | Young people, migration factor, migration channel and the Taliban regime |
| JEL: | J61 |
| Date: | 2022–08–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114106&r= |