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on Central and Western Asia |
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Issue of 2022‒05‒16
five papers chosen by |
| By: | Anselm Hager; Justin Mattias Valasek; Justin Mattias Valasek |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study how forced migration impacts the in-group and out-group social capital of Syrian refugees and the host population in Northern Lebanon by administering a novel survey experiment in which we manipulate the salience of the migration experience (for refugees) and the refugee crisis (for the host population). Additionally, we study the social spillovers to Palestinians, an established refugee population in Lebanon. We find that the impact of forced migration is largely restricted to the Syrian refugee-Lebanese host population channel, and that it increases the relative disparity between in-group and out-group social capital. This may cause refugees to favor in-group interactions and therefore forgo more economically advantageous interactions with out-group members. |
| Keywords: | refugees, migration, social capital, experiment, ethnicity |
| JEL: | C90 J15 D91 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9636&r= |
| By: | Anna Shevyakova (LLP "Rational solutions"); Eleonorа Munsh (EPAM Kazakhstan); Malika Arystan (Karaganda Economic University of Kazpotrebsouz); Yelena Petrenko (PRUE - Plekhanov Russian University of Economics [Moscow]) |
| Abstract: | The article reveals the requirements for the entry of the world economy into the fourth industrial revolution and Industry 4.0 to the competence of personnel. Industry 4.0 promises new digital solutions to optimize the entire flow of value creation in production systems. Existing production systems are often based on a philosophy of continuous improvement and lean management. The increasing digitalisation of production processes is placing new demands on employee competence. The article discusses and analyzes the necessary competences for successful integration of Kazakhstan and Russian enterprises into Industry 4.0. The article provides systematization of company specific competences and skills of employees, as well as the author's roadmap of implementation for competence development in Industry 4.0 and on its basis recommendations and solutions for enterprises are formed. |
| Keywords: | Industry 4.0.,Competence,Roadmap,Fourth Industrial Revolution,Digitalization,Companies |
| Date: | 2021–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583868&r= |
| By: | Birzhan Batkeyev (International School of Economics, Kazakh-British Technical University); David R. DeRemer (Nazarbayev University, Graduate School of Business) |
| Abstract: | This is the first study to assess that air pollution increases criminal activity in a city with air pollution regularly exceeding international safety standards. For winter in Almaty, Kazakhstan, we collect data on crime and PM2.5 pollution across city districts over 8-hour intervals. Our identification strategy employs distinctive features of Almaty's geography: the proximity of some districts to mountain winds and the high frequency of temperature inversions. Using a PPML control function approach, we estimate a PM2.5 elasticity of the expected crime rate equal to 0.38, more than four times as large as elasticity estimates from studies of cleaner cities. Our data and empirical setting also facilitate our identification of air pollution effects on particular crime types. We find that air pollution increases robbery and high-stakes property crime more than low-stakes property crime. These new results support the theory that air pollution induces disregard for criminal consequences and bring further evidence that air pollution induces aggression. |
| Keywords: | Abnormal Air Pollution, PM2.5, Criminal Activity |
| JEL: | K42 Q50 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asx:nugsbw:2022-04&r= |
| By: | Tulun, Teoman Ertuğrul |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) member states have approved at the European Council on 21 March 2022, "A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence". The SC seeks to bring greater coherence and a strong shared sense of purpose to the EU's security and defence efforts. It is described as a guide for action providing concrete proposals and timelines for the coming 5-10 years of the EU. The Strategic Compass (SC) was prepared initially without considering the possibility of a serious war situation in Europe. It is possible to detect traces of this unpreparedness starting from the Executive Summary of the SC. The document in its current form gives the impression that it was accepted hastily for some reason. The European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) is the Union's Agency for analyzing foreign, security, and defence policy issues. Its flagship publication is its Chaillot Paper series written by the Institute's Analysts and external experts. This information indicates that EUISS played an active and almost leading role in preparing the Strategic Compass. "Tensions with Turkey" are counted among the threats faced by the EU in 2021, says the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) Report. This reference is an obsessively repeated claim in EUISS reports. It would not be wrong to consider such hostile attitude towards Turkey as the eclipse of reason. The EU's hasty acceptance of the Strategic Compass document is a remarkable development,. The document names Turkey as a country that poses a threat to the EU in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It shows a serious lack of vision and strategic shallowness in the EU. |
| Date: | 2022–04–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nzpw7&r= |
| By: | Mohammad Reza Farzanegan; Reza Zamani |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of a corruption reflection index on internal conflict in Iran using a novel measure of corruption based on newspaper coverage. We use the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model and its applied tools of impulse response and variance decomposition analyses to track the response of protests to shocks in the level of corruption. Using annual data from 1962 to 2019, we find a positive and significant response of protests to a positive shock in the news-based corruption reflection index. We also show that the main channels where higher corruption may lead to higher internal protests are through economic growth and military spending. |
| Keywords: | corruption, protest, conflict, newspaper coverage, Iran, economic growth, revolution |
| JEL: | D73 D74 F52 C54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9536&r= |