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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Mussurov, Altay; Sholk, Dena; Arabsheibani, G. Reza |
| Abstract: | Informality is heterogeneous, dynamic and difficult to quantify; the formal–informal gap in earnings is one major component of it that we wish to examine. Using the 2013 Kazakhstan Labor Force Survey, we analyze the returns that formal and informal workers receive for a given set of characteristics and also use a matching technique to decompose the gap. We observe that in Kazakhstan, there is a substantial earnings gap in favor of formal workers and that a quarter of the gap remains unexplained. Our study also highlights the importance of matching-based decomposition and distributional analysis in explaining the differences in earnings between formal and informal workers. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2018–10–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:90511&r=all |
| By: | Einian, Majid |
| Abstract: | Once in a few years, we witness a new ostan (province) being born out of older ostans in Iran. The number of shahrestans has gone from 316 in 2003 to 429 in 2013. There seems to be an everlasting desire for lower levels of administrative areas to separate and form a new higher level area. Shahrestans want to become ostans, and bakhshs want to become shahrestans. This paper studies the economic effects of becoming a new ostan by looking at the consumption of households. Results show a significant positive effect on the growth of consumption in the separation year or the following year. Becoming the central Shahrestan of the new Ostan does not show positive effects on consumption growth. |
| Keywords: | Administrative Areas, Cohort Pseudo Panel, Household Consumption |
| JEL: | C21 C23 D73 D74 R11 R23 |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:96420&r=all |