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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Ali Asadi; Gianni Betti; Francesca Gagliardi; Hossein Khoshbakht |
| Abstract: | In the present paper we propose a multidimensional and fuzzy set approach for measuring poverty at province level in Iran. We go beyond the conventional study of poverty based simply on the poor/non-poor dichotomy defined in relation to some poverty line chosen on the basis of income or total expenditure only. On the contrary, multidimensional poverty is treated as matters of degree determined in terms of the relative position of individuals in Iran, i.e. in the distribution of some aspects of their living conditions. The state of deprivation is thus seen in the form of ‘fuzzy sets’ to which all members of the population belong but to varying degrees. The methodology is the applied to HBS survey in Iran, collected from March 2016 to March 2017 (1395 Solar Hijri year in Iran). |
| JEL: | I32 R13 |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:796&r=all |
| By: | Bagdasaryan, Kniaz (Багдасарян, Княз) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper considers prospective directions of integration cooperation of the EAEU with the countries and groupings of Asia. The aim of the study is to determine the possibilities and limitations of the common foreign economic policy of the Eurasian Economic Union in this area. |
| Keywords: | integration, Eurasian Economic Union, preferential agreement, free trade area, trade in services |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:011901&r=all |
| By: | Bircan, Çağatay; Saka, Orkun |
| Abstract: | We use data on the universe of credit in Turkey to document a strong political lending cycle. State-owned banks systematically adjust their lending around local elections compared with private banks in the same province. There is considerable tactical redistribution: state-owned banks increase credit in politically competitive provinces which have an incumbent mayor aligned with the ruling party, but reduce it in similar provinces with an incumbent mayor from the opposition parties. This effect only exists in corporate lending as opposed to consumer loans, suggesting that tactical redistribution targets job creation to increase electoral success. Political lending influences real outcomes as credit-constrained opposition areas suffer drops in employment and firm sales. There is substantial misallocation of financial resources as credit constraints most affect provinces and industries with high initial efficiency. |
| JEL: | G21 D72 D73 P16 |
| Date: | 2019–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bof:bofitp:2019_001&r=all |
| By: | La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul; Antonio Spilimbergo |
| Abstract: | Uncertainty over economic policy plays a key role in economic outcomes. But evidence and quantification for emerging markets are elusive because of measurement and reverse causality issues. In this paper, we construct a news-based economic policy uncertainty (EPU) index for Turkey and assess how it affects Turkish firms. To disentangle the issues of endogeneity and reverse causality, we use a difference-in-differences approach, exploiting the fact that firms with a high share of irreversible investment are more exposed to policy uncertainty. In sectors with large irreversible investment EPU has a greater effect on growth, investment, and leverage. The results are robust to different definitions of investment irreversibility, lag structure, and selection of sectors. |
| Keywords: | Turkey;Europe;Policy uncertainty, economic uncertainty, firm-level, sector-level, investment decisions, employment growth, leverage strategies, diff-in-diff estimation, General, General, General Outlook and Conditions, General |
| Date: | 2018–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:18/272&r=all |