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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Mohammad Reza Farzanegan; Hassan F. Gholipour |
| Abstract: | The increasing divorce rate has become a major social concern for policy makers in the Islamic government of Iran. The price of gold coin is an important factor in cost-benefit analysis for individuals in their marriage and divorce decisions in Iran. Dowries (Mehrieh) are usually in the form of gold coin and a wife has a legal right to them upon both parties signing the marriage contract. Increasing the price of gold coin may intensify the internal stress and struggles within families, leading to a higher probability of divorce. We investigate the long-run relationship between real price of gold coin and divorce rate for the case of Iran over the period 1980-2014. Controlling for other factors, our regression results show that there is a positive and significant long-run relationship between real price of gold coin (as well as unanticipated changes in real price of gold coin) and marital instability. |
| Keywords: | divorce, gold price, cointegration regression, Iran |
| JEL: | D10 O10 E30 E60 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6873&r=cwa |
| By: | Kupets, Olga |
| Abstract: | Using STEP employer surveys data in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Ukraine, this paper investigates how innovation, openness to international business contacts, use of computer at work and skills shortages affect employer-provided training in post-Soviet countries. It examines different types of training (less formal on-the-job training along with more formal in-house and external training) provided to white-collar or blue-collar workers. After controlling for a range of firm characteristics, we find a positive link between technological innovation and intensity of training of all types provided to white-collar workers that points to the technology-skills complementarity. Besides, the level of computer use at work is a significant determinant of the incidence and intensity of external training provided to white-collar and blue-collar workers. |
| Keywords: | employer-provided training, innovation, computerization, STEP employer survey, transition countries |
| JEL: | J24 M53 P36 |
| Date: | 2018–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hitcei:2017-7&r=cwa |
| By: | Ardak Yesdauletova (L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University); Aitmukhanbet Yesdauletov (L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University); Kairat Sakh (L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University) |
| Abstract: | Kazakhstan proclaimed its independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. In March 1992 the Republic of Kazakhstan became a member of the United Nations Organization. This event and diplomatic recognition by many of countries symbolized the entry of the young state into the world community. In December 2016 Kazakhstan celebrated the 25th anniversary as a sovereign state. TV broadcasting and print media broadly covered a lot of achievements of the country. The aim of our presentation is to reveal how the world’s mass media covered Kazakhstan and what image it had in other countries. Internet played an important role in disseminating information. People were able to get some knowledge from the foreign sources. They can evaluate the foreign and domestic policies of a certain state. It was possible to determine its achievements and challenges through mass media. The main achievements of Kazakhstan connected with dynamic economic development, political stability and initiatives in the sphere of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. Criticism on the part of western media concerned such fields as democratic values and human rights. Due to limited access to the electronic version of newspapers and journals it was difficult to get the full articles. However, even a few Internet sites and Russian version of newspapers allowed gaining information how the world mass media covered Kazakhstan and what kind perception about Kazakhstan they created, and what topics were interested their journalists. |
| Keywords: | Kazakhstan, mass media, image, newspapers, internet, information |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:npaper:008&r=cwa |
| By: | Mohammad Reza Farzanegan; Tim Krieger |
| Abstract: | We study the short and long run responses of income inequality to positive per capita oil and gas rent shocks in Iran. Using historical data from 1973 to 2012 and vector autoregression (VAR)-based impulse response functions, we find a positive and statistically significant response of income inequality to oil rent booms within 4 years of the shock. In addition, the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) results show that in the long run, a 10-percent increase in oil and gas rents per capita leads to an approximately 1.4-percent increase in income inequality. The results are robust to controlling for different channels potentially affecting the income distribution in Iran. Our analysis can help policymakers evaluate and accommodate the possible positive or negative effects on inequality in Iran resulting from the 2016 lifting of the embargo against the country. |
| Keywords: | oil rents, inequality, VAR, ARDL, sanctions, Iran |
| JEL: | Q33 Q38 D63 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6876&r=cwa |
| By: | Jeyhun I. Mikayilov; Marzio Galeotti; Fakhri J. Hasanov |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relationship between the economic growth and CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan.A cointegration analysis is conducted over the period 1992-2013. For getting more robust results, Johansen, ARDLBT, DOLS, FMOLS and CCR methods to explore cointegration and estimate longrun coefficients are employed. We use cubic, quadratic and linear specifications and conclude that the last one is an adequate representation for the impact of the economic growth on CO2 emissions in Azerbaijan. The results from the different cointegration methods are consistent with each other and show that the economic growth has positive and significant impact on the emissions in the long-run implying that the EKC hypothesis does not hold for Azerbaijan. Moreover, we find that any short-run disequilibrium can be corrected towards the long-run equilibrium path within less than one year. The paper concludes that increasing the energy efficiency can be considered as a relevant environmental policy in order to reduce the carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, cointegration, economic growth, EKC hypothesis; Azerbaijan |
| JEL: | C32 Q01 Q43 Q52 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcu:iefewp:iefewp102&r=cwa |
| By: | Fayyaz Zahed (Central Tehran Branch.Islamic Azad University); Neda Moradi (islamic azad university.science and research branch tehran) |
| Abstract: | AbstractThe World War I had a considerable influence on the history of many non-European countries specially Iran. Iran hoping that not to involve in this world war, neutralized in the war at the behest of November 1st in, but abjuring it by hostile countries, Iran was changed into an extended from for imperialist powers. Consequently was invaded by Britain, Russia, Ottoman and Germany from the south, north, and west. The World War I caused numerous problems for Iran. Increasing external pressures, the weekness of central government and subsequently, cabinets instability and economic crises added to the complexity of the situation. Despite Iran's efforts to keep himself from the battle of which had no proportion and no effect on it, the juggernaut strikes inflicted on political stability and consistency of the government and incurred formidable losses on the economy of this country. October revolution which at first seemed to improve the situation of Iran, caused Britain totalitarianism and changing negative balance. This created a long- term gap in Iran political arena and finally lead to 22th feb coup, and also overthrowing Qajar regime and replacing it with Reza Pahlavi. The event that changed the procedure of constitutional revolution and Iran Policies landscape. |
| Keywords: | Keywords: World War I, Iran, Qajar, violations of neutrality, political and economic crises. |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5907614&r=cwa |
| By: | U?ur Burç Y?ld?z (?zmir Katip Çelebi University) |
| Abstract: | Turkey?s accession to European Union membership appears to be impossible for several important reasons. Thus, instead of full membership, Turkey may look for alternative options to benefit from the European Union integration project. One option could be the Continental Partnership, proposed by the Brussels-based Bruegel think tank. This article investigates the feasibility of this offer for Turkey. It is argued that this new method of cooperation provides significant economic benefits since the European Union would grant free movement of basic agricultural products and free movement of services and capital, abolish Schengen visas for Turkish businessmen and company managers for three months and include Turkey in the Common Commercial Policy, which is closely related to the Single Market project. Participating in the intergovernmental Continental Partnership Council would also bring Turkey significant political benefits by protecting its commercial, security and defense policy interests before new European Union legislations are adopted. |
| Keywords: | Continental Partnership, Turkey, European Union, United Kingdom, Brexit. |
| JEL: | F50 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5908276&r=cwa |