|
on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Oshakbayev, Dauren; Taitukova, Regina; Petrick, Martin; Djanibekov, Nodir |
| Abstract: | With the goal of reducing the dependency on oil revenues, the Government of Kazakhstan has recently increased its budget allocations to prop up the domestic agricultural sector. Yet, many observers agree that it is less the amount of public spending that induces long-term growth than the quality of the regulatory environment. Against this background, the current paper analyses the nature and effects of state regulation in the cotton sector. In the early 2000s, it was considered to be the only example of private vertical coordination in Kazakhstani agriculture, which contrasted sharply with the state mandates imposed on producers in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. However, in 2007, regulation in Kazakhstan forced ginneries to use a complex warehouse receipt system without making sure that it was accepted by stakeholders and without appropriate institutions for implementing it in place. At the same time, it imposed financing restrictions on ginneries, which were major loan and input providers to farmers. Further measures included the establishment of a special economic zone to host a "cotton cluster". In the following years, private producers and investors turned away from cotton, and cotton area and output fell substantially. We argue that the cotton sector performance after 2007 shows how ill-designed regulation and government interference can turn a promising economic sector into decline. As an unintended side effect, the regulation promoted more diversified crop rotations based on high value crops. |
| Keywords: | cotton,Kazakhstan,public regulation,commodity finance,Baumwolle,Kasachstan,staatliche Regulierung,Rohstofffinanzierung |
| JEL: | O13 O25 P23 Q15 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:172&r=cwa |
| By: | Jale Minibas-Poussard (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12); Meltem İdiğ-Çamuroğlu |
| Abstract: | In this empirical study we examined mobbing settings and outcomes with a data set from a cross-sectional occupational sample collected in ten cities in Turkey (N=853). The prevalence of mobbing in this sample was 23%, while victimization was 17% only. The most frequent aggressive behaviors were threats to the victim's personal and occupational reputation such as having been denied a praise or promotion, having had one's contributions ignored by others, having been given unreasonable workloads above competence or simple and meaningless work below competence. Perpetrators were mostly superiors. Analyses revealed that oppressive management was the most influential factor for mobbing in work environment. |
| Keywords: | Mobbing,Individual Behavior,Organizational Behavior |
| Date: | 2016–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01615570&r=cwa |
| By: | Bekena, Sisay Menji |
| Abstract: | This paper uses World Bank Enterprise Survey 2009 and 2013 panel data for Central Asia and Eastern Europe to estimate the casual effects of firm ownership structure on firm performance measured by the growth rates of sales, labor productivity and employment. The study uses treatment effect models to compute the average treatment effects. Estimation results using propensity score matching show that on average private firms have sales and employment growth rates that are 6 percentage points higher compared to public firms. The effect is statistically significant at conventional significance levels. Labor productivity growth is similar across public and private firms. The key conditional independence assumption necessary for the validity of the matching models is found to be valid and the computed casual effects are consistent across the different treatment effect models. |
| Keywords: | Firm ownership, Treatment Effects, |
| JEL: | D20 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:82706&r=cwa |
| By: | Abuselidze, George |
| Abstract: | This works covers peculiarities of formation of Georgian monetary system in XI-XII centuries and their effect on the international financial and economic relations. In this works we have researched the matters of formation of monetary policy of feudal age and their effect on development of foreign trade, methods of money formation important for the present world, which correct choice may provide increase of production volume and economic activity. Currency policy, geopolitical and geostrategic localization proved the country to turn into one of the economically strong economic states with high standard of life, developed system of socioeconomic relations approached to the international standards and democratic institutions. |
| Keywords: | History of Economy; Economic Development; Monetary Policy; Monetary System; Economic Activity. |
| JEL: | E42 E52 N13 N15 O1 |
| Date: | 2018–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:84011&r=cwa |