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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | ISKAKOV, Aziz |
| Abstract: | This article is intended to fill the gap in the scientific literature, which consists of a low level of scrutiny and the absence of papers analyzing the development of an open government institution through the prism of Kazakhstan's involvement in international projects and initiatives in this field. The article analyzes critically the works of Kazakhstani, Russian and foreign authors, reviews of Kazakhstan's country indicators in international rankings in fields of information technology, open data, open government and transparency of the public budget. The author also presents the results of the analysis of the role of the open government in the documents of the strategic planning system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results of the research showed the lack of a strategic vision of an open government institution and the need to study the extent to which international experience is applicable in Kazakhstan's realities. This article is the first of a series of papers on the Kazakhstan open government. |
| Keywords: | open government, open data, open budget, transparency, open government data, e-government, Kazakhstan |
| JEL: | O38 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:83381&r=cwa |
| By: | Aurélien Dasre (CRESPPA - Centre de recherches sociologiques et politiques de Paris - UP8 - Université Paris 8, Vincennes-Saint-Denis - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INED - Institut national d'études démographiques); Angela Greulich (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INED - Institut national d'études démographiques); Inan Ceren (SIES - Systèmes d'information et des Etudes Statistiques - French Ministry of Education and Research) |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies motors and barriers for combatting domestic violence against women in Turkey – a country where modernism and conservatism are in constant interplay. We combine information from the Demographic Health Surveys and the Turkish Domestic Violence Survey and distinguish between controlling behavior, physical and sexual violence. Our empirical analysis tests how far a woman's intra-household decision making power (as measured by her education, her activity status, her income etc.) bears the potential to reduce her risk of experiencing domestic violence in Turkey. The analysis takes into account contextual factors as well as partner and household characteristics. We find that women's participation in the labor market does not, on its' own, reduce women's risk of experiencing intimate partner violence, but an egalitarian share of economic resources between spouses in likely to protect women against domestic violence. This finding has two important implications: First, higher education enabling women to access formal wage employment allows women not only to gain economic independence, but also to freely choose their partner. Second, unstable economic conditions that harm earning opportunities for men are an important risk factor for couples to experience conflits that can result in domestic violence against women. Against the background of the recent economic crisis that comes hand in hand with a backlash of gender and family norms in Turkey, our results highlight the need of policy action in this field. |
| Keywords: | economics,Violence against women,gender |
| Date: | 2017–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-01660703&r=cwa |
| By: | Jakhongir Kakhkharov |
| Keywords: | Remittances, labour migration, investments, Uzbekistan |
| JEL: | O15 F24 E22 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gri:fpaper:finance:201703&r=cwa |
| By: | Kristin Fabbe (Harvard Business School); Chad Hazlett (UCLA); Tolga Sinmazdemir (Bogazici University) |
| Abstract: | How does violence during conflict affect the political attitudes of civilians who leave the conflict zone? Using a survey of 1,384 Syrian refugees in Turkey, we employ a natural experiment owing to the inaccuracy of barrel bombs to examine the effect of having one’s home destroyed on political and community loyalties. We find that refugees who lose a home to barrel bombing, while more likely to feel threatened by the Assad regime, are less supportive of the opposition, and instead more likely to say no armed group in the conflict represents them – opposite to what is expected when civilians are captive in the conflict zone and must choose sides for their protection. Respondents also show heightened volunteership towards fellow refugees. Altogether, this suggests that when civilians flee the conflict zone, they withdraw support from all armed groups rather than choosing sides, instead of showing solidarity with their civilian community. |
| Keywords: | Syria; Turkey |
| JEL: | J15 F22 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:esocpu:7&r=cwa |
| By: | Mehmet Balcilar (Department of Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University); Jeffrey B. Nugent (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, US) |
| Abstract: | The current literature on forced migration offers only limited knowledge of how each of the different consequences of war, such as damage to property and casualties to family members, and the services provided to the refugees in the host country, affect the difficult choices that refugees subsequently must make as to when and where to migrate once again. This paper contributes to the literature on forced migration by studying the effects of armed violence in the country that has given rise to the largest number of refugees in the world in the last decade, namely Syria, on those various migration-related decisions. The study is based on all three waves (2013, 2014 and 2015) of a survey conducted of Syrian refugees in Turkey, the country with the largest number of Syrian refugees. The study first examines the various impacts of war (property damage, casualties, sleeping disorders) on the refugees by gender, age, education, income and other characteristics. More importantly, it then investigates the consequences of these different impacts of war as well as the duration of the refugee’s stay in Turkey, the quality of services provided to these refugees and the individual characteristics of the refugees on various alternative choices about the timing and destination of future migration by refugees using a logit model. The results show that (1) the longer and greater the level of violence in the country of origin, and the longer the time spent outside of Syria, the lower the likelihood of the choice to return to the country of origin; (2). the longer the time the refugee has spent in Turkey, the higher is the probability of permanent settlement in another European country; and (3) the more and higher quality of services provided to the refugees, the more likely they are to remain in Turkey While females are more likely to want to return to Syria, men and especially those with greater education, higher income and personal networks are more likely to want to relocate somewhere in Europe or elsewhere. |
| Keywords: | refugees, forced migration, labor market, employment, immigration, logit model, civil war, Syria, Turkey. |
| JEL: | F22 J10 J15 R23 C25 N45 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:emu:wpaper:15-36.pdf&r=cwa |