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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Kuschminder, Katie (UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University, and European University Institute); Koser, Khalid (UNU-MERIT, and Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of migration-specific and migration-relevant policies in migrant decision-making factors for onwards migration or stay in Greece and Turkey. In this paper we distinguish migration-specific policies from migration-relevant policies in transit and destination countries, and in each case distinguish favourable policies from adverse policies. We test this categorisation through an original survey of 1,056 migrants in Greece and Turkey from Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Syria collected in 2015. The results indicate that, in transit countries, the policies that most strongly influence migrants' decision-making are adverse migration-specific and migration-relevant policies. By contrast, in destination countries favourable migration-specific policies appear to be more important than migration-relevant policies there in determining the choice of destination. |
| Keywords: | migration policies, transit migration, irregular migration, Greece, Turkey |
| JEL: | D01 F22 F66 O15 |
| Date: | 2017–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2017022&r=cwa |
| By: | Elveren, Adem Yavuz; Toksöz, Gülay |
| Abstract: | This study examines the gender dimension of the brain drain in Turkey to argue that gender inequality in sending countries can be a push factor for women. Considering how the political, social and cultural atmosphere damages gender equality in Turkey due to a shift toward a conservative, authoritarian regime over the last decade, the paper uses an online survey to analyze the gender gap in the return intentions of Turkish professionals and students living abroad. The findings clearly reveal a gender gap in return intentions regardless of other main factors such as age, study field/occupation or marital status. The study also highlights the significant correlation between the gender gap in migration decisions and gender inequality in Turkey’s labor market. |
| Keywords: | Brain drain, gender, skilled workers, students, migration |
| JEL: | F22 J16 J61 |
| Date: | 2017–07–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:80290&r=cwa |
| By: | Stukach, Victor; Shevchenco, Yelena |
| Abstract: | : Innovation has become a key factor in global economic development and remain at the forefront of technological breakthrough. Developed countries pay considerable attention to conducting R&D in the segments that in the coming decades will determine megatrends of technological and social development. At the same time, a great emphasis is placed on the development of interdisciplinary scientific directions and the convergence of technologies. Foresight helps to increase effectiveness of the decision-making process, ensuring a high level of transparency, through the involvement of all stakeholders. In addition, foresight increases awareness of participants about possible scenarios and risks of the future, as well as opportunities that should not be missed. |
| Keywords: | Foresight, foresight methodology, innovations, science and technology development in agricultural sector, scenarios, strategies for agribusiness development, interdisciplinary research, convergence of technologies. |
| JEL: | N5 O21 O3 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:80220&r=cwa |
| By: | Blumenstock, Joshua; Callen, Michael; Ghani, Tarek |
| Abstract: | We report on an experiment examining why default options impact behavior. Working with one of the largest private firms in Afghanistan, we randomly assigned each of 949 employees to different variants of a new default savings account. Employees assigned a default contribution rate of 5% are 40 percentage points more likely to contribute than employees assigned to a default contribution rate of zero; to achieve this effect through financial incentives alone would require a 50% match from the employer. Our design permits us to rule out several common explanations for default effects, including employer endorsement, employee inattention, and a lack of awareness about how to switch. Instead, we find evidence that the default effect is driven largely by a combination of present-biased preferences and the cognitive cost of calculating alternate savings scenarios. Default assignment also causes employees to develop savings habits that outlive our experiment: they are more likely to believe that savings is important, less likely to report being too financially constrained to save, and more likely to make an active decision to save at the end of our trial. |
| Keywords: | Behavioral Models; Defaults savings; Digital Finance; Mobile Money; peer effects |
| JEL: | D14 |
| Date: | 2017–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12142&r=cwa |