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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Agadzhanyan, Alexander (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the growth of religiosity was evident in all three republics of the South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia); This growth was part of not only the general post-Soviet phenomenon, but also part of a broader trend of desecularization. People in all three republics perceive this growth as a "return" of their original ethnic and cultural identities. However, the growth of religious sentiments and the public role of religions can be interpreted as not only "return", but as a new "invention", at least "reformatting" religion by various actors, from ordinary "religious entrepreneurs" (religious entrepreneurs) to political Elites and governments. In any case, religious meanings and references, closely linked to ethnic ones, have become an inevitable component of public debate, electoral politics, mass mobilization, and individual identities |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:061715&r=cwa |
| By: | Resul Cesur; Pinar Mine Gunes; Erdal Tekin; Aydogan Ulker |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of universal, free, and easily accessible primary healthcare on population health as measured by age-specific mortality rates, focusing on a nationwide socialized medicine program implemented in Turkey. The Family Medicine Program (FMP), launched in 2005, assigns each Turkish citizen to a specific state-employed family physician who offers a wide range of primary healthcare services that are free-of-charge. Furthermore, these services are provided at family health centers, which operate on a walk-in basis and are located within the neighborhoods in close proximity to the patients. To identify the causal impact of the FMP, we exploit the variation in its introduction across provinces and over time. Our estimates indicate that the FMP caused the mortality rate to decrease by 25.6% among infants, 7.7% among the elderly, and 22.9% among children ages 1-4. These estimates translate into 2.6, 1.29, and 0.13 fewer deaths among infants, the elderly, and children ages 1-4, respectively. Furthermore, the effects appear to strengthen over time. We also show evidence to suggest that the FMP has contributed to an equalization of mortality across provinces. Finally, our calculations indicate that each family physician saves about 0.15, 0.46, and 0.005 lives among infants, the elderly, and children ages 1-4 per province every year. |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cch:wpaper:170006&r=cwa |
| By: | Volker Ziemann; Béatrice Guérard |
| Abstract: | Despite major progress, Turkey still lags behind most comparable countries in terms of exported value added per capita. Its remarkable economic performance over the past 15 years has not been sufficiently backed by gains in export market shares, in particular when measured in value added terms. While Turkey incorporates an increasing share of foreign value added in its own exports, its capacity to provide intermediate inputs to other countries’ exports is still limited. This paper argues that Turkey’s participation in global value chains remains below potential owing to institutional features that hamper efficient allocation of capital and labour, obstacles inherent in bilateral trade agreements and entry regulations, underdeveloped human capital and insufficient investment in innovation, R&D and knowledge-based capital. Progress along these dimensions would strengthen Turkey’s backward and forward trade linkages and contribute to rebalancing its growth model. The adjustment process towards a more export-oriented economy operating on a level playing field needs to be flanked by dedicated industrial, social and environmental policies to alleviate adverse consequences on displaced firms and workers and the ecosystem. Tirer les avantages des chaînes de valeur mondiales en Turquie Malgré des progrès, la Turquie accuse toujours un retard par rapport à la plupart des pays comparables en termes de valeur ajoutée exportée par habitant. Sa performance économique remarquable au cours des 15 dernières années n'a pas été suffisamment soutenue par des gains de parts de marché à l'exportation, en particulier lorsque ceux-ci sont mesurés en valeur ajoutée. Alors que la Turquie intègre une part croissante de valeur ajoutée étrangère dans ses propres exportations, sa capacité à fournir des intrants intermédiaires pour les exportations d'autres pays est encore limitée. Ce papier fait valoir que la participation de la Turquie dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales reste inférieure à son potentiel en raison de caractéristiques institutionnelles qui entravent l'allocation efficace du capital et du travail, des obstacles inhérents aux accords commerciaux bilatéraux et des règlements d'entrée de professions, du capital humain sous-développé et de l'insuffisance des investissements dans l'innovation, la R & D et le capital de connaissances. Progresser dans ces dimensions permettrait de renforcer les liens commerciaux en amont et en aval de la Turquie et de contribuer à rééquilibrer son modèle de croissance. Le processus d'ajustement vers une économie plus orientée vers l'exportation opérant avec des règles du jeu équitables doit être encadré par des politiques industrielles, sociales et environnementales dédiées à atténuer les conséquences néfastes sur les entreprises et les travailleurs déplacés et l'écosystème. |
| Keywords: | export performance, global value chains, trade and investment policies |
| JEL: | C33 F02 F14 O30 |
| Date: | 2017–02–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1366-en&r=cwa |