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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | David A. Grigorian; Maxym Kryshko |
| Abstract: | The paper uses a unique survey of remittance-receiving individuals from Tajikistan to study the impact of policy awareness on consumer behavior. The results show that knowledge of deposit insurance encourages the use of formal channels for transmitting remittances and reduces dollarization. Given the size and importance of remittances in Tajikistan, improving financial literacy and better publicizing details of the social safety net may encourage a more frequent use of formal channels for transferring remittances and reduce reliance on foreign exchange for transaction purposes. This is likely to improve bank profitability, enhance financial stability, and improve access to finance. |
| Date: | 2017–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:17/132&r=cwa |
| By: | Eren Arbatli (Faculty of Economic Sciences, NRU); Leonardo Gokmen Gunes (New Economic School, Moscow) |
| Abstract: | We study the long-term economic legacy of highly-skilled minorities a century after their wholesale expulsion. Using mass expulsions of Armenian and Greek communities of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century as a unique natural experiment of history, we show that districts with greater presence of Armenian and Greek minorities at the end of the 19th century are systematically more densely populated, more urbanized, and more developed today. Results are robust to accounting for an extensive set of geographical and historical factors of development and minority settlement patterns. Matching type estimators, instrumental variable regressions, and a sub-province level case study corroborate our findings. Importantly, we provide evidence on the channels of persistence. Armenian and Greek contribution to long-run development is largely mediated by their legacy on local human capital accumulation. In comparison, the mediating effect of minority asset transfer on development appears less important. |
| Keywords: | human capital, economic development, expulsion, minorities, ethnicity, Armenians, Greeks, persistence. JEL Classification: O100, O430, P480, N400, Z120. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:251&r=cwa |
| By: | Iyengar, Radha; Shapiro, Jacob N.; Hegarty, Stephen |
| Abstract: | This report summarizes findings from a review of 89 studies on development and stabilization programming in Afghanistan. |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ran:wpaper:1191&r=cwa |
| By: | Iyengar, Radha; Shapiro, Jacob N.; Crisman, Benjamin; Singh, Manu; Mao, James |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes data from multiple sources to better understand the relationship between stabilization programming and trends in key outcomes -- including: security, popular support for the government, popular support for antigovernment elements, community cohesion and resilience, health of the Afghan people, economic well-being of the Afghan people, and conflict. |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ran:wpaper:1192&r=cwa |
| By: | Seven Ağır (Department of Economics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey); Cihan Artunç (Department of Economics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA) |
| Abstract: | In 1942, the Republic of Turkey promulgated a controversial tax on personal wealth to finance mobilization of the army and curb inflation. The extraordinary tax was arbitrarily assessed and the burden fell disproportionately on non-Muslim minorities. The precise transformative effect of the tax on Turkey’s commercial life is not well understood. This article assembles a new dataset of firms operating in Istanbul to show the tax led to a dramatic rise on the liquidation of enterprises with non-Muslim ownership but no effect on Muslims. At the same time, the tax caused a sharp decline in the formation of new non-Muslim firms and a commensurate increase in the number of Muslim firms. The results show that the Wealth Tax forced the dissolution of otherwise productive, older firms and contributed to the further nationalization of the economy. |
| Keywords: | Turkish economic history, wealth tax, firm survival |
| JEL: | N84 N85 O1 |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:1707&r=cwa |
| By: | Jan Douwe van der Ploeg (IPC-IG) |
| Abstract: | "Most people have a clear understanding of what the term 'family farm' means. This is especially true in Europe. The term refers, in a seemingly straightforward and unambiguous way, to well-known and self-evident realities. It is solidly internalised in the memory of most people, even those with an urban background. People may like or dislike family farming, and scientists may dispute its virtues or shortcomings (Osaba 2014), but there is hardly any confusion or debate over the concept itself". (?) |
| Keywords: | Family farming, Europe, Central Asia, history, characteristics, threats, potentials |
| Date: | 2016–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:wpaper:153&r=cwa |
| By: | Yilmaz Kiliçaslan (Anadolu University); Ünal Töngür |
| Abstract: | This study aims to examine the impact of the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on employment generation in the Turkish manufacturing industry. This study is said to be the first attempt in exploring the impact of ICT on employment generation in Turkish manufacturing industry at the firm level. The analysis is based on firm level data obtained from Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat) and covers the period from 2003 to 2013. The data used in the analysis includes all firms employing 20 or more employees in Turkish manufacturing industry. Our findings based on system GMM estimations show that ICT has employment-enhancing effects in Turkish manufacturing. Moreover, our results provide the evidence that tangible ICT capital has stronger employment generation impact than that of intangible ICT capital in medium-tech and low-tech industries. |
| Date: | 2017–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1120&r=cwa |