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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Yun, ChiHyun (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | Long since before the Russian economic crisis, remittances from Russia have been a major source of foreign currency income in Central Asia. In 2013, Tajikistan received remittances of $4,219 million, or 49.6%, as a proportion of GDP. In the same year, remittances accounted for 31.1% and 11.1% of GDP in the Kyrgyz Republic and Uzbekistan, respectively. By that time, approximately 60-80% of labor migrants of these three remittance-dependent Central Asian countries, a population of roughly 4.3 million, were assumed to be residing in Russia. Remittances from Russia amounted to $14 billion, which accounted for more than 90% of total remittance inflows. However, Western economic sanctions against Russia over the Ukraine Crisis in mid-2014, and the collapse of the Russian ruble coinciding with persisting lower oil prices, have negatively affected the remittance-dependent countries over the last two years. Remittance inflows slashed in half, the unemployment rate jumped as a large number of migrant workers lost their jobs, and the inflation rate rose due to extreme currency depreciation. In this context, this article aims to understand the current economic status of the three remittance-dependent countries in Central Asia - Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan - and suggest countermeasures for sustainable socio-economic development in terms of labor migration and remittances. |
| Keywords: | Remittances; Labor Migrant; Migration; Central Asia; Kyrgyz Republic; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Russia |
| Date: | 2016–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2016_028&r=cwa |
| By: | Turan, Güngör |
| Abstract: | In this empirical paper, the long-run relations between higher education and economic growth in Turkey has been investigated. ARDL bound test which is a long-term co-integration test has been used based on Turkish real gross domestic product and the number of higher education graduates time series in 1961-2012. The results of bound test concluded that there is no evidence of a long-run relationship between higher education and economic growth in Turkey. This empirical study supports the availability of "non-qualified" growth notion which has been debated in Turkey. |
| Keywords: | Higher education, economic growth,co-integration, bounds test, Turkey |
| JEL: | C0 C01 J0 J01 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77778&r=cwa |
| By: | Turan, Güngör |
| Abstract: | In this empirical paper, the long-run relations between growth and unemployment in Turkey has been tested. ARDL bound test which is a long-term co-integration test has been used based on Turkish real gross domestic product and the number of unemployed time series in 1962-2014. The results of bound test conclude that there is no evidence of a long-run relationship between growth and unemployment in Turkey. This empirical study to some extent supports the availability of "jobless" growth notion which has been debated in Turkey. |
| Keywords: | Unemployment, growth, bounds test, Turkey |
| JEL: | C10 E0 E00 J6 J60 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77773&r=cwa |
| By: | Vesna Bojicic-Dzelilovic; Denisa Kostovicova; Mariana Escobar; Jelena Bjelica |
| Abstract: | Scholarly attempts to explain aid subversion in post-conflict contexts frame the challenge in terms of corrupt practices and transactions disconnected from local power struggles. Also, they assume a distinction between organised crime and the state. This comparative analysis of aid subversion in Colombia and Afghanistan reveals the limits of such an approach. Focusing on relations that anchor organised crime within local political, social and economic processes, we demonstrate that organised crime is dynamic, driven by multiple motives, and endogenous to local power politics. Better understanding of governance arrangements around the organised crime-conflict nexus which enable aid subversion is therefore required. |
| Keywords: | aid subversion; organised crime; corruption; Colombia; Afghanistan |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2015–07–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:62748&r=cwa |