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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Kechagia, Polyxeni; Metaxas, Theodore |
| Abstract: | FDI inflows are a significant form of capital flows mostly towards the developing countries and they decisively affect the host country’s economic growth, the macroeconomic stability, the infrastructure and the governmental policy. The present paper focuses on the FDI inflows absorbed by the Central Asian countries, studying the case of Uzbekistan that attracts limited amount of FDI contrary to other countries of the region. It is argued that Uzbekistan attracts FDI mostly because of its market size and its adequacy on natural resources; however, the transformations performed failed to further increase the country’s attractiveness to foreign investors. |
| Keywords: | FDI, developing countries, Uzbekistan, Central Asia, capital inflows |
| JEL: | F21 O16 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71326&r=cwa |
| By: | Petrick, Martin; Pomfret, Richard |
| Abstract: | Agriculture plays an important part in Kazakhstan´s self-image, and continues to be a significant economic sector, employing about a third of the workforce. In the two decades since independence, agriculture has experienced dramatic swings in performance and in public policy. During the 1990s the sector suffered from external shocks, reduced public support and inchoate land tenure reform, while providing a safety net for families suffering from the transitional recession. Since the turn of the century, the booming economy has seen ruralurban migration and substantial public funds devoted to the agricultural sector. This article illustrates the steps taken to consolidate and improve Kazakhstan´s position as a major agricultural producer and exporter, while also highlighting the shortcomings of current policies. It places Kazakhstan´s agricultural policy evolution in the broader context of political independence from the Soviet Union and the general course of economic reforms. We highlight the driving forces of agricultural policy evolution from a political economy perspective and give an overview of specific policy measures. |
| Abstract: | Die Landwirtschaft spielt eine bedeutende Rolle in Kasachstans Selbstverständnis und stellt mit einem Drittel der Beschäftigten einen wichtigen Wirtschaftssektor dar. Seit der Unabhängigkeit erfuhren sowohl der Agrarsektor selbst als auch die Agrarpolitik dramatische Umschwünge. Während der 1990er Jahre litt der Sektor unter externen Schocks, einer verringerten staatlichen Unterstützung und einer unausgegorenen Bodenreform. Gleichzeitig stellte er ein Sicherheitsnetz für die vom Transformationsprozess gebeutelten Familien dar. Nach der Jahrtausendwende führte das starke Wirtschaftswachstum zu ländlicher Abwanderung und einer starken Ausweitung der staatlichen Hilfen für den Agrarsektor. Dieser Beitrag zeigt auf, wie Kasachstan zu einem wichtigen globalen Getreideerzeuger und -exporteur wurde, und macht deutlich, wo die Schwächen der derzeitigen Politik liegen. Er verortet die Entwicklung der kasachischen Agrarpolitik in einem breiteren Kontext der politischen Unabhängigkeit von der Sowjetunion und dem übergreifenden Gang der Wirtschaftsreformen. Die Autoren arbeiten die politökonomischen Triebkräfte dieser Entwicklung heraus und geben einen Überblick über aktuelle politische Maßnahmen. |
| Keywords: | agricultural policy,agriculture in transition,political economy,Kazakhstan,Agrarpolitik,Landwirtschaft im Transformationsprozess,politische Ökonomie,Kasachstan |
| JEL: | P26 P28 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:155&r=cwa |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (Central and West Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) (Central and West Asia Department, ADB); Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| Abstract: | This brief describes a proposed decentralized RIA System for Tajikistan where most responsibilities for ensuring good RIA are delegated to regulators with the support of a central body. |
| Keywords: | tajikistan, impact analysis, ria process, regulatory costs, regulatory risks, legal systems, laws, parliament resolutions, government resolutions, presidential decrees, tajikistan legal acts, tajikistan public policy, governance |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:abf157800&r=cwa |
| By: | Kleeva, Lyudmila Petrovna (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Kleev, Ivan Vladimirovitch (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Nikitova, Anna (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Krotov, Alexander Yurievitch (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of regional research and educational facilities for the development of Russia and Kazakhstan. Revealed their negative impact on the development of depressed regions, and this applies not only underdeveloped complexes Kostroma (Russian Federation) and Kyzylorlinskoy (Republic of Kazakhstan) regions, but also a well-developed scientific and educational complex in Irkutsk region. Research has shown that this paradox is due to the fact that the development of science and education in the region is associated not only with all the elements of regional research and innovation system (including research and development, education, innovation infrastructure, real production and regional governments), but and with the elements of research and development and education of a higher level: the national economy, and even megaekonomiki. Because communication within the spheres of science and education are professional, they're pretty close. Therefore, in the case where there is no effective system of functioning of the regional research and innovation system as a whole, the achievements of science and education sector (skilled workers) as a result of professional contacts within the framework of science and education leave the region, reducing its capacity, and are used in other regions and countries. The findings make it possible to generate proposals for a regional research and innovation policy. |
| Keywords: | Russia, Kazakhstan, depressed regions, development, innovation |
| Date: | 2016–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:541&r=cwa |
| By: | Engin Üngüren (Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University); Serdar Arslan (Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University); YaÅŸar Yiğit Kaçmaz (Alanya Municipality) |
| Abstract: | Undoubtedly, one of the most important factors of an organization’s success is it’s employees. Since the study of Hawtorne, it is a known fact that employee behavior and performance are related to many organizational variables. One of the variables that effect an organization’s employee performance, productivity and profitability is organizational alienation. When the literature is reviewed, it is seen that organizational alienation has many negative effects on job satisfaction, organizational silence, burn-out, work life quality, organizational commitment, employee turnover and productivity. There are organizational and individual reasons which affecting organizational alienation. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of hospitality employees’ self efficacy perception on organizational alienation. The research was carried out with employees working in apart hotels in Alanya, one of the most popular tourism destinations in Turkey. The data is collected from a random sample via questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test the validity of hypotheses. After the analysis it was concluded that self-efficacy has a statistically meaningful yet partial effect on organizational alienation. |
| Keywords: | Self efficacy, organizational alienation, hospitality management |
| JEL: | M19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:3605915&r=cwa |
| By: | Bulut, Mustafa; Karasoy, Hatice Gökçe |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the transmission of monetary policy decisions to financial markets under varying levels of monetary policy uncertainty. We conducted an event study for the period June 2010-January 2015. The uncertainty regarding to monetary policy is measured by the disagreement of expectations in the CBRT Survey of Expectations. Empirical findings indicate that the effectiveness of monetary transmission mechanism is highly affected by policy uncertainty. For example, a positive policy surprise leads to an appreciation of Turkish lira against US dollar under low levels of uncertainty, whereas Turkish lira depreciates when uncertainty is high. Furthermore, an increase in the main policy rate flattens the yield curve for all uncertainty levels. On the other hand, this pattern is more pronounced while uncertainty is low and contrary to expectations, long term rates decreases after a positive policy surprise. During the periods when uncertainty regarding monetary policy is low, positive policy surprise decreases long term rates via anchoring inflation expectations. |
| Keywords: | Monetary Policy, Financial Markets, Uncertainty, Event Study. |
| JEL: | D80 E58 G14 |
| Date: | 2016–05–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71215&r=cwa |