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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | OÄŸuz Yolal (KONYA SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ) |
| Abstract: | Minority shareholder rights are given to protect certain shareholders against majority shareholders. Majority rule prevails in the joint stock companies. Therefore, majority groups influence making decisions in these companies in Turkey. In this case, shareholders who constitute a majority at general assembly bring about violating minority shareholders’ rights. Because minority rights are intended to balance between majority and minority groups. Neither majority stakeholders nor minority stakeholders can be only executive of the joint stock companies. Minority shareholder rights are guaranteed by legal regulations. Minority rights are also regulated in the Turkish Commercial Code. According to Turkish Commercial Code, 10 percent of capital stock in the non-public incorporated companies and 5 percent of paid stock in the public joint stock company companies are minority.Minority rights are separated as positive and negative minority rights in the Turkish Commercial law. Turkish Commercial Code contains eight positive and two negative minority rights.The aim of this article is to examine “The Minority Shareholder Rights In The Joint Stock Companies According To Turkish Commercial Code†. |
| Keywords: | minority rights, shareholder rights, Turkish Commercial Code |
| JEL: | K30 K30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:3606085&r=cwa |
| By: | Kazenin, Konstantin Igorevich (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The preprint considered scientific approaches to the study of phenomena related to the migration process. Considered and compared send theories, using the concept of integration and adaptation. The authors describe the features of the case studies the integration of migrants in Turkey, China and Istanbul. Based on empirical data collected in the course of carrying out semi-structured interviews with students of Makhachkala, in this study are considered stereotypical representation of migrants from rural areas, common among young people. Identified barriers to adaptation and integration of students into the urban environment. Particular attention is paid to the influence of relatives at adapting foreign students. Identify the factors that contribute to the adaptation of the primary students. In addition, in the described and analyzed the positive experience of working with students in high schools in Makhachkala. |
| Keywords: | migration process, urbanization, rural workers, Makhachkala |
| Date: | 2016–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:1036&r=cwa |
| By: | Karimi, Abdul Matin |
| Abstract: | This particular research has been conducted in Afghanistan to study and evaluate the individual’s perception toward e-banking platform, and to further identify the challenges that are faced with this infant phenomenon. Despite of decades’ war and destruction in Afghanistan, still, it was observed that the private banks took a vital and special part in the recognition of e-banking services and products through their financial institutions in such a wide variety of context which can be an optimistic vision for the improvement of the future of electronic banking in Afghanistan. This research is descriptive, and a quantitative research technique was considered efficient for the fulfillment and attainment of settled objectives. Where a detailed questionnaire was the main primary data source plus various secondary data sources. And also, main hub of data collection was from AIB, AUB, Bakhtar and Aziz banks customers and employees. After due findings and analysis, it was observed that customers were highly satisfy with the utility of e-banking services over conventional banking services, secureness of e-banking, technology in use, variety of services/products and e-banking convenience and accessibility at anytime and anywhere. And it was also noted that; though customers shown satisfaction with service charges, documentation process and wait in lines for attainment of e-banking services/products in banks but with a 50% or lesser percentage, which can be counted as flow with banks and needs to be polish and improve further. And hence banks need to focus more on ease cross sales of e-banking services/products and to reduce the service charges to a reasonable price. As these two factors are important toward attraction of new customers and maintaining the existing. |
| Keywords: | E-banking in Afghanistan, E-commerce in Afghanistan, Banking in Afghanistan, Electronic Banking in Afghanistan, Online Banking in Afghanistan |
| JEL: | G21 L81 |
| Date: | 2016–05–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71319&r=cwa |
| By: | Aytug, Huseyin |
| Abstract: | After the invention of the Reserve Option Mechanism (ROM) by the Central Bank of Turkey, it has been debated whether it can help decrease the volatility of foreign exchange rate. In this study, I apply a new micro-econometric technique, the synthetic control method, in order to construct a counterfactual foreign exchange rate volatility in the absence of the ROM. I find that, USD/TRY rate is less volatile under the ROM. However, the ROM has not worked efficiently after the announcement of FED's tapering in May 2013. Furthermore, the ROM could have decreased the volatility of foreign exchange rate if FED had not started tapering. |
| Keywords: | FX Intervention, Synthetic Control Method, Required Reserves |
| JEL: | C31 E58 F31 |
| Date: | 2016–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71400&r=cwa |
| By: | Ilker Ersegun Kayhan (Department of Banking and Finance,Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, Mersin 10, Turkey); Glenn P. Jenkins (Queen’s University, Canada and Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus) |
| Abstract: | In toll-road projects there is exogenous demand risk. Thus, the government may be required to provide a minimum-traffic guarantee to induce potential private partners to participate. The government must offer the most appropriate level of guarantee while also justifying this controversial fiscal policy tool to society. This study demonstrates the use of financial modeling, risk analysis, and economic evaluation in a toll-road project in Turkey, contributing to the narrowing of a capacity gap in the field. One criterion is proposed to produce a socially equitable guarantee level. This case study exemplifies the policy implications discussed in the conclusions. |
| Keywords: | Toll-road project, financial modelling, economic evaluation, risk analysis, fiscal policy, Turkey |
| JEL: | D61 L91 H54 O52 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:288&r=cwa |
| By: | Aiko Endo (Research Department, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature); Izumi Tsurita (Department of Cultural Anthropology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo); Kimberly Burnett (University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization, University of Hawaii at Manoa); Pedcris M. Orencio (Catholic Relief Service Philippines (Manila Office) Urban Disaster Risk Reduction Department) |
| Abstract: | 1. Study region Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. 2. Study focus The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the water, energy, and food nexus and regions of study, nexus keywords and stakeholders in order to understand the current state of nexus research. 3. New hydrological insights Through selected 37 projects, four types of nexus research were identified including water-food, water-energy-food, water-energy, and climate related. Among them, six projects (16%) had a close linkage with water-food, 11 (30%) with water-energy-food, 12 (32%) with water-energy, and eight (22%) with climate. The regions were divided into Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. North America and Oceania had a tendency to focus on a specific nexus type, water-energy (46%) and climate (43%), while Africa had less focus on water-energy (7%). Regarding keywords, out of 37 nexus projects, 16 projects listed keywords in their articles. There were 84 keywords in total, which were categorized by the author team depending on its relevance to water, food, energy, climate, and combination of water-food-energy-climate, and 40 out of 84 keywords were linked with water and only 4 were linked with climate. As for stakeholders, 77 out of 137 organizations were related to research and only two organizations had a role in media. |
| Keywords: | nexus type; nexus region; nexus keywords; nexus stakeholders |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hae:wpaper:2016-7&r=cwa |