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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Vinokurov, Evgeny; Demidenko, Mikhail; Pelipas, Igor; Tochitskaya, Irina; Shymanovich, Gleb; Lipin, Andrey |
| Abstract: | After the establishment of the Customs Union (CU) and the Single Economic Space (SES), Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia have repeatedly stated the need to eliminate exemptions, limitations, and barriers to mutual trade in goods and services. This report represents the first stage of a study on the economic impact of reduction within the SES and the emerging Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to trade among Member States. It gives an overview of works on the definition and classification of NTBs, and the quantitative assessment and calculation of the economic effects of NTBs reduction. The report also presents the results of surveys and interviews with enterprises and companies of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia that export goods and services to the markets of the CU and EEU. These surveys and interviews revealed respondents’ views on the NTBs they face when exporting to each of the partner states. They also obtained quantitative estimates of NTBs as a percentage of the value of exported goods, which made it possible to estimate the costs of each of the NTBs to the enterprises. |
| Keywords: | Non-Tariff Barriers; Enterprises; Eurasian Economic Union; Trade; Single Economic Space |
| JEL: | F02 F1 F15 F4 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:68060&r=cwa |
| By: | Torun, Huzeyfe |
| Abstract: | Previous research on military conscription exclusively focuses on the effect of military service on subsequent labor market outcomes. I examine the effect of peacetime conscription on early labor market outcomes of potential conscripts before they are called up for service. In a simple theoretical framework with costly job search and no job security, I show that an expected interruption in civilian life reduces the incentive of teenagers to search for a job. Using micro-data from Turkey, Argentina, Peru and Spain, I present evidence that the anticipation of compulsory conscription reduces the labor force participation of teenage men by 6.7 percent compared to men in their twenties, and employment by 11 percent, while raising unemployment in this group by 9 percent. Interestingly, I find mirroring effects on teenage women who are not subject to conscription. Women experience a 7.5 percent decrease in the labor force participation and a 10-13 percent decrease in employment after the abolition of conscription, suggesting a high degree of substitutability between men and women. |
| Keywords: | Military Service, Labor Force Participation, Youth Unemployment, Difference-in-Differences. |
| JEL: | H56 J21 J24 |
| Date: | 2014–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:67833&r=cwa |
| By: | Ilhom Abdulloev (Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation in Tajikistan and IZA, Bonn); Gil S. Epstein (Bar-Ilan University, CReAM, London and IZA, Bonn); Ira N. Gang (Rutgers University, CReAM, London, IOS Regensburg and IZA, Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Some immigrants try to keep their ethnicity hidden while others become ever deeply more mired in their home culture. We argue that among immigrants this struggle manifests itself in the ethnic goods they choose to consume. Different types of ethnic goods have vastly different effects on immigrant assimilation. We develop a simple theoretical model useful for capturing the consequences of this struggle, illustrating it with examples of Central Asian assimilation into the Muscovite economy. |
| Keywords: | assimilation, migrants, culture, ethnic goods |
| JEL: | J15 |
| Date: | 2015–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rut:rutres:201519&r=cwa |
| By: | Dietz, Barbara (Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, Regensburg); Gatskova, Ksenia (Institute for East and Southeast European Studies, Regensburg); Ivlevs, Artjoms (University of the West of England, Bristol) |
| Abstract: | We study the relationship between migration and children's education in Tajikistan – one of the poorest and most remittance-dependent economies in the world. The analysis of a unique three-wave household panel survey reveals that emigration of family members is negatively associated with children's school attendance. Receiving remittances does not offset this negative effect. Migration of non-parent family members (such as siblings) is particularly detrimental to school attendance, especially among older children and children from less educated households. This supports a conjecture that emigration in Tajikistan has a negative signaling effect on the education of children staying behind. |
| Keywords: | migration, remittances, schooling, Tajikistan |
| JEL: | J61 O15 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9515&r=cwa |