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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth;Reserves adequacy;External debt;Debt sustainability;Monetary policy;Inflation targeting;Exchange rate policy;Selected Issues Papers;Kazakhstan; |
| Date: | 2014–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:14/243&r=cwa |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | International Economics and Trade - Trade Policy International Economics and Trade - Free Trade Economic Theory and Research Transport Economics Policy and Planning Law and Development - Trade Law Macroeconomics and Economic Growth Transport |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:20444&r=cwa |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Education - Knowledge for Development Environmental Economics and Policies Technology Industry Mining and Extractive Industry (Non-Energy) Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets Industry Environment |
| Date: | 2013–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:20129&r=cwa |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Education - Education and Society Conflict and Development - Post Conflict Reconstruction Social Development - Community Development and Empowerment Social Development - Post Conflict Reintegration Housing and Human Habitats Communities and Human Settlements |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:20403&r=cwa |
| By: | François Facchini (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS : UMR8174 - Université Paris I - Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | This article explains the level of economic freedom in Muslim countries through the theory of institutional path dependency. Islamic countries are generally not free and they have a poor record regarding property rights. To explain these realities we use the institutional history of Muslim countries. We define three steps: the Arab and Ottoman Empires when Islamic law was of great importance, European colonisation, and the contemporary era with its movement towards a revival of Islam. Islamic law is not liberal. This explain why in general Muslim countries are not free. Colonisation radically changed institutional life in the twentieth century. British colonisation proved to be better than did French or Soviet colonisation. This explains why the Persian Gulf countries are freer. The collapse of the Soviet model explains the speed of liberalisation in former socialist countries (such as Albania, Kyrgyz Republic, and Kazakhstan). Nevertheless, the twentieth century was not just the century of Westernisation. It was also the century of the revival of Islam. The article concludes that the history of the twentieth century does not explain the way in which Muslim countries are attracted by the ideal of the Muslim city. The revival of Islamic intellectual innovations and the evolution of Muslim opinion sustain this thesis. Therefore, there is a dependency on the past and on an imagined future. Islam acts, like yesterday, on the world of institutional possibilities. |
| Keywords: | Economic freedom ; Colonisation ; Imaginary ; Islam ; Property rights |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00636998&r=cwa |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | International Economics and Trade - External Debt Finance and Financial Sector Development - Access to Finance Private Sector Development - Emerging Markets Finance and Financial Sector Development - Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress Finance and Financial Sector Development - Debt Markets |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:20417&r=cwa |
| By: | Asian Development Bank (ADB); (Central and West Asia Department, ADB); ; |
| Abstract: | The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is preparing sector assessments and road maps to help align future ADB support with the needs and strategies of eveloping member countries and other development partners. The transport sector assessment of Georgia is a working document that helps inform the development of untry partnership strategy. It highlights the development issues, needs and strategic assistance priorities of the transport sector in Georgia. The knowledge product serves as a basis for further dialogue on how ADB and the government can work together to tackle the challenges of managing transport sector development in Georgia in the coming years. |
| Keywords: | Asian Development Bank; ADB; transport; roads; railways; Georgia; Georgia Transport Sector Assessment; Strategy; Road Map; Sustainable transport; Caucasus; Regional; MRDI; Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure; MESD; CAREC; Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation; East-West Highway; Tbilisi; Batumi; Poti; Transport sector governance |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:asd:wpaper:rpt136127-3&r=cwa |