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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Nadia Chernenko |
| Abstract: | The paper looks at the development of the industry in the post-Soviet Russia, starting from the ealry 1990s. The main focus is on the last reform 2003-11 and the relationship of cost, prices and investment. In particular, the author examines the new designs for the electricity and capacity markets and their impact on incentives for short-run production and long-term planning and construction. The author defends the pro-competitive approach to the electricity industry reform in Russia and traces the roots of its success and failures. |
| Keywords: | Russian Electricity Industry, RAO EES, reform 2003-11, restructuring, market liberalisation, capacity markets |
| JEL: | L11 L22 L43 L52 L94 |
| Date: | 2013–11–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1342&r=cwa |
| By: | Alexander Kozyrin (Doctor Habilitated in Law, Professor, Head of Department, Financial Law, National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Customs payments play special role in the economy of the Russian Federation. They composed just over 50 percent of the total budgetary income on the eve of the Russian Federation’s entry into the EurAsEC Customs Union. The article considers the changes which occurred in the legal base of customs regulation since the EurAsEC Customs Union was created and the Russian Federation became a member. The customs legislation structure of the Customs Union is analyzed in the article. Special attention is given to the acts which became the source of financial law in the Russian Federation, being adopted by supranational regulator, the Eurasian Economic Commission |
| Keywords: | EurAsEC, customs union, customs legislation, customs payments, financial law |
| JEL: | K33 K34 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:22/law/2013&r=cwa |
| By: | Natalia Erpyleva (National Research University “The Higher School of Economics”. Faculty of Laws. Department of Private International Law, the Head of the Department) |
| Abstract: | This article is dedicated to one of the most interesting aspects of International Procedural Law – litigation with participation of foreign persons. Author focused on a comparative analysis of Russian and Kazakh legislation concerning the regulation of international procedural relations. Article includes two paragraphs: the first one considers international jurisdiction of Russian arbitrazh courts and Kazakh economic courts on commercial matters; the second one examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in commercial matters on the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan. Author deeply scrutinized a wide range of legal documents including domestic legislation and multilateral international treaties of regional character in order to show the convergences and divergences in Russian and Kazakh law concerning participation of foreign persons in international commercial litigation |
| Keywords: | International Procedural Law; International Civil Procedure; International Jurisdiction; Foreign Persons; International Commercial Litigation |
| JEL: | K41 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:12/law/2013&r=cwa |
| By: | Benkovskis, Konstantins; Wörz, Julia |
| Abstract: | Building on the methodology pioneered by Feenstra (1994) and Broda and Weinstein (2006), we construct an export price index that adjusts for changes in the set of competitors (variety) and changes in non-price factors (quality in a broad sense) for nine emerging economies (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia and Turkey). The highly disaggregated dataset covers the period 1996?2011 and is based on the standardised 6-digit Harmonized System (HS). Our method highlights notable differences in non-price competitiveness across markets. China shows a huge gain in international competitiveness due to non-price factors. Similarly, Brazil, Chile, India and Turkey show discernible improvements in their competitive position when accounting for non-price factors. Oil exports account for strong improvement in Russia's non-price competitiveness, as well as the modest losses of competitiveness for Argentina and Indonesia. Mexico's competitiveness deteriorates prior to 2006 and improves afterwards. JEL Classification: C43, F12, F14, L15 |
| Keywords: | emerging countries, non-price competitiveness, quality, relative export price |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20131612&r=cwa |
| By: | Ishiwatari, Mikio (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | National governments are supposed to play a pivotal role in disaster risk management (DRM). This paper reviews trends and patterns in developing governance and institutions in DRM in the Asia and the Pacific region. The paper then derives recommendations on how to establish disaster risk governance for developing countries, including mainstreaming DRM into development plans and policies. A four-pronged approach is presented: First, strengthen the DRM coordination role of the national government. Second, develop an enhanced legal framework. Third, establish a DRM focal point agency. Fourth, build a flexible cooperation system among concerned organizations and all levels of government. |
| Keywords: | disaster risk management; asia; pacific; disaster risk governance |
| JEL: | H84 Q54 |
| Date: | 2013–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0448&r=cwa |
| By: | Chaminade , Cristina (CIRCLE, Lund University); Plechero , Monica (IRPPS-CNR, Italy and CIRCLE, Lund University, Sweden) |
| Abstract: | Abstract Access to global innovation networks (GINs) has been unequal across the regions of the world. While certain regions are considered knowledge hubs in GINs, others still remain marginalized; this points to the role of regional innovation systems in the emergence and development of GINs. Using firm-level data collected through a survey and case studies in 2009–2010, this article systematically compares the patterns of global networks in the ICT industry in a selection of European, Chinese and Indian regions. The results show that GINs are more common in regions which are not organizationally and institutionally thick, suggesting that GINs may be a compensatory mechanism for weaknesses in the regional innovation system. |
| Keywords: | globalization; innovation networks; regions; Europe; India; China |
| JEL: | O30 |
| Date: | 2013–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2013_032&r=cwa |
| By: | Dmitry Poldnikov (PhD, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Higher School of Economics (Moscow)) |
| Abstract: | The paper examines the inconspicuous influence of the legacy of the classical natural law of the 18th century on Russian dogmatic jurisprudence of civil law, taking as an example the authoritative “Course on civil law” (1868-1880) by Konstantin Pobedonostsev. Despite the dogmatic purpose of the course and the hostility of its author towards European liberal doctrines of natural law, some striking similarities between them can be found, especially in the general provisions and principles of contract law, the method of its exposition and the recourse to justice and supra-positive ideal |
| Keywords: | legal history, dogmatic jurisprudence, natural law, civil law, contract law, principles, justice, Russia |
| JEL: | N93 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:20/law/2013&r=cwa |
| By: | Cantner, Uwe; Günther, Jutta; Hassan, Sohaib Shahzad; Jindra, Björn |
| Abstract: | The location determinants of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) have received extensive attention in contemporary literature, largely from the perspective of advanced economies. Less attention has been focused on OFDI from emerging economies. This applies, in particular, to Central and East European Countries (CEEC). Apart from traditional OFDI motives such as market-seeking, there is a growing debate regarding the relevance of knowledge-seeking as an investment motive for firms from catch-up economies. We apply a conditional-logit approach to assess OFDI location factors at the host country level for a sample of 1,036 firms from 10 CEEC that entered the EU between 1995 and 2010. We find that firms from CEEC primarily target economies characterized by high growth rates and geographic proximity, i.e., often other transition economies within the EU. The impact of market size increases significantly after EU accession, when more firms are located in advanced economies (EU15 countries). In terms of knowledge-seeking, we find that firms from CEEC seem to be primarily attracted by human capital endowment rather than by the R&D intensity of other EU economies. |
| Keywords: | Outward FDI, Conditional-logit, Location Choice, Transition Economies, Knowledge Seeking, CEEC |
| JEL: | F23 |
| Date: | 2013–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:51817&r=cwa |
| By: | Rabindra Nepal; Tooraj Jamasb |
| Abstract: | Economic theory suggests that market-based policies and reforms should promote energy efficiency in developing and transition countries. This paper, therefore, analyses the impacts of a varied set of market-oriented macro-level reforms on macro level energy efficiency across the transition countries. Since the early 1990s, these economies experienced a rapid marketization process which transformed them from central planning towards more market driven economies. The results from the relatively new bias corrected fixed-effect analysis (LSDVC) technique suggest that between 1990 and 2010, reforms in overall market liberalisation, financial sector and infrastructure industries, excluding the power sector, drove the energy efficiency improvements in these countries. Also, privatisation programmes only improved energy efficiency in the SEE countries. Thus, the empirical evidence support market driven energy efficiency policies aimed at addressing the market failures in the network industries and capital markets. We conclude that these results can help explain the energy efficiency policy puzzles in developing and transition countries where energy efficiency improvement can be a leading policy response to growing climate change and security of supply concerns. |
| Keywords: | market reforms, energy efficiency, transition countries, institutions |
| JEL: | P28 Q54 C33 |
| Date: | 2013–11–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1345&r=cwa |
| By: | Firat Bilgel (Department of Economics, Okan University Tuzla Campus Akfirat 34959 Istanbul Turkey.); Burhan Can Karahasan (Department of Economics, Okan University Tuzla Campus Akfirat 34959 Istanbul Turkey.) |
| Abstract: | Turkey has been suffering from separatist terrorism and the political conflict it implies since the mid-1980s, both of which are believed to have a negative impact on economic welfare. This article investigates the economic costs of PKK (Kurdistan Workers’ Party) terrorism, particularly in the Eastern and Southeastern provinces of Turkey by invoking the synthetic control method. We create a synthetic control group that mimics the socioeconomic characteristics of the provinces exposed to terrorism before the PKK terrorism emerged in the mid-1980s. We then compare the real GDP of the synthetic provinces without terrorism to the actual provinces with terrorism for the period 1975-2001. Causal inference is carried out by comparing the real per capita GDP gap between the synthetic and actual provinces and the intensity of terrorist activity as measured by the number of terrorism casualties. We find that after the emergence of terrorism, the per capita real GDP in Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia declined by about 6.6 percent relative to a comparable synthetic Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia without terrorism. |
| Keywords: | JEL classification: |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aqr:wpaper:201314&r=cwa |