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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Anita Prakash (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia) |
| Abstract: | Myanmar has embarked on an ambitious program of sweeping reforms to end its isolation and integrate its economy with the global system. In this reform period, Myanmar faces the challenge to remain on the course ofreforms and openness while pursuing its economic growth. The Challenges of this transition can be met with a development model which is inclusive, people centered and sustainable. |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2013-3&r=cwa |
| By: | Fatih Ozatay |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tob:wpaper:1306&r=cwa |
| By: | Elena Vakulenko |
| Abstract: | We investigate the relationship between the main indicators of the labour market in Russia. We try to construct a model of the Russian labour market and identify key relationships. Our special attention is drawn to the impact of the crisis on the Russian labour market and influence of oil price on labor market indicators. We estimated two types of models. They are systems of simultaneous equations model (SEM) and VECM. We received that real wage in Russia are more flexible than employment. During the crisis period real wage was decreasing. SEM model shows that real wage positively depends on real oil price. While the number of employed and unemployment don’t depend on real oil price. |
| Keywords: | labour market, time series models, Russia |
| JEL: | J20 J40 |
| Date: | 2013–09–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pia:wpaper:120/2013&r=cwa |
| By: | Hensvik, Lena (IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy); Nordström Skans, Oskar (IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy) |
| Abstract: | The paper provides an overview of existing knowledge regarding the role played by social networks in the process where young workers are matched to employing firms. We discuss standard theories of why social networks may be an important element in the job-matching process and survey the empirical literature on labor market networks with an emphasis on studies pertaining to the role of social contacts during the school-to-work transition phase. In addition, we present some novel evidence on how contacts established while working during the final year in high school affect youth labor market entry. Finally, we discuss how insights from this literature can be used to improve the quality of social programs targeted towards young workers in the Nordic countries. |
| Keywords: | Referrals; school-to-work transition; youth unemployment |
| JEL: | J24 J64 M51 Z13 |
| Date: | 2013–10–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifauwp:2013_023&r=cwa |
| By: | Alena Petrushkevich |
| Abstract: | The challenges for the Russian Federation development have been studied in the article by examining the role of the country in the international merchandise trade, trade in services and FDI flows; the evolution of Russian trade patterns by geographical structure and by industries; the compositionof Russian outward and inward FDI. The drivers for sustainable economic development of the Russian Federation have been revealed as well as the main hindrances that may impede a stable economic growth. |
| Keywords: | working paper, daadpartnership, finance-and-trade |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtf:wpaper:1305&r=cwa |
| By: | Komatsu, Masayuki (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the current status of fisheries and aquaculture in Southeast Asia and international trade. Analysis concludes that a policy of sustainable management for both capture fisheries and aquaculture is of greatest importance, but such a policy has been neither planned nor implemented with a holistic and long-term perspective. Current policy reflects a short-term view and the immediate needs of each nation. Therefore, capacity building of human resources and organizations, including governments, is needed for the formulation of holistic national policies to seek long-term and fundamental remedies for the sustainable management of fisheries resources and intensified and extensive aquaculture. |
| Keywords: | international trade; fisheries; development of natural resources; aquaculture southeast asia |
| JEL: | O13 Q22 |
| Date: | 2013–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0438&r=cwa |
| By: | Youngwan Kim; Peter Nunnenkamp |
| Abstract: | Apart from altruistic reasons, NGOs may engage in developing countries under conditions of conflict and war in order to secure funding and survive in the ‘market’ of humanitarian relief and development assistance. Applying a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach, we analyze empirically whether the presence of US-based NGOs in Afghanistan and Iraq improved their chances of external funding. We find that NGOs being active in Afghanistan tended to benefit from easier access to official sources of funding after the US intervention, compared to NGOs staying away. Nevertheless, there is no compelling evidence that it pays for NGOs to engage where the United States intervenes militarily |
| Keywords: | NGOs, official funding, private donations, Afghanistan, Iraq |
| JEL: | L31 F35 F51 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kie:kieliw:1878&r=cwa |
| By: | Severine S. A. Kessy |
| Abstract: | Microfinance institutions are considered to be a strategic tool for the poverty reduction in the developing countries. However, the methodological procedures to assess their impacts on the enterprise growth are scantly developed. This paper therefore intends to develop a conceptual and methodological framework for examining the impact of the microfinance interventions on the growth of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) particularly for the developing countries. Following the theoretical discussions presented in this paper a conceptual framework is developed to show interrelated variables that should be assessed in examining the impact of microfinance intervention. From the framework, different methodologies are suggested in order to obtain accurate information that can explain the actual impact of the microfinance intervention. |
| Keywords: | working paper, daadpartnership, finance-and-trade |
| Date: | 2013–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtf:wpaper:1303&r=cwa |
| By: | IDRISOV, GEORGY; TAGANOV, BORIS |
| Abstract: | The article covers main stages of integration processes in the CIS area since its formation. We analyzed the specifics of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) in the CIS. We prepared an exhaustive list of expired and currently effective PTAs in the CIS area, taking into account the initial levels of exemptions and the dynamics of their cancellations. We analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the economic aspects of PTAs. We discussed further integration agenda of the Russian Federation and a role of PTAs as a tool of international economic integration. |
| Keywords: | Trade, trade integration, preferential trade agreement, free trade agreement, customs union, regionalism, CIS |
| JEL: | F13 F15 F51 |
| Date: | 2013–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:50952&r=cwa |
| By: | Nakatomi, Michitaka (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | The paper looks at some issue-based plurilateral agreements—such as the Information Technology Agreement (ITA), the Financial Services and Basic Telecommunication Services Agreements, and the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)—with the aim of pointing to their crucial role in resolving the stalemate at the WTO and the Doha Round and the accelerating proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs). It also suggests possible areas where new plurilateral agreements—whether single or multiple issue-based—can be developed. The paper highlights the importance of plurilateral agreements as a mechanism complementary to the WTO and FTAs in enhancing the governance of the global trade system, and outlines conditions that need to be fulfilled to address the needs of developing countries. |
| Keywords: | plurilateral agreements; wto; fta; world trade organization |
| JEL: | F13 |
| Date: | 2013–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0439&r=cwa |
| By: | O. Moskalenko (f Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman) |
| Abstract: | The article deals with research methodology for the theoretical models of outstripping economic development. The essence of outstripping development and its objective need for self-reproductive growth are revealed. The author proves the inevitability of outstripping development and its otentiality and significance for the development of the society and a man. The statistical rule of doubling revenue for Ukraine has been applied analytically, the moment it can reach the middle income of dvanced countries has been determined. The current trends in GDP growth and in terms of its rapid development are used in the forecast. The neoclassical model of economic growth and the theory of Big Waves are analyzed from the point of view of identifying "capabilities", "chance" for the country to enhance a breakthrough in economic development |
| Keywords: | methodology, outstripping economic development, theoretical model, economic policy, capabilities |
| Date: | 2013–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nos:zodgwl:e133mos&r=cwa |
| By: | Edwin M. Truman (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | The European and Asian financial crises are the two most recent major regional crises. This paper compares their origins and evolution. The origins of the two sets of crises were different in some respects, but broadly similar. The two sets of crises also shared similarities in their evolution, but here the differences were more significant. The European crisis countries received more external financial support, despite the fact that they involved more solvency issues while the Asian crises involved more liquidity issues. On balance, the reform programs in the European crises were less demanding and rigorous than in the Asian crises. Partly as a consequence, the negative impacts on the global economy have been larger. Author Edwin M. Truman draws three lessons from this analysis: First, history will repeat itself; there will be other external financial crises. Second, other countries have a stake in appropriate crisis management. Third, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other countries were mistaken in treating the European crises as individual country crises rather than as a crisis for the euro area as a whole that demanded policy conditionality on all members of the euro area. |
| Keywords: | financial crises, Asian financial crises, European financial crises, International Monetary Fund, European Central Bank, crisis management, policy coordination, macroeconomic policies, banking policies |
| JEL: | F3 F20 F31 F32 F3 F34 F36 F42 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp13-9&r=cwa |
| By: | I. Kocharian (I. K. Karpenko-Karyi Kyiv National University of Theatre, Cinema and Television) |
| Abstract: | The analysis of the development and establishment of a monitoring system that would meet the necessary requirements and provide the system of higher education planning with data using contemporary models and information technologies has been performed. The adequacy of monitoring system to the management system has been proved, as the main purpose of monitoring system is to improve the efficiency of management system, being the information support subsystem, by providing timely and qualitative information. The system of educational facilities indexes, its structure, characters of indexes and set of indexes detection by any features and their combinations has been investigated and dimension of indexes system that ensure recipients with required set of indexes of educational facilities of higher education institutions in Ukraine has been evaluated. |
| Keywords: | monitoring system, higher education planning, educational facilities, dimension evaluation, set of in-dexes |
| Date: | 2013–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nos:zodgwl:e133koc&r=cwa |
| By: | Slonimczyk, Fabian (Higher School of Economics, Moscow); Gimpelson, Vladimir (CLMS, Higher School of Economics, Moscow) |
| Abstract: | Informality is a defining characteristic of labor markets in developing and transition countries. This paper analyzes patterns of mobility across different forms of formal and informal employment in Russia. Using the RLMS household panel we estimate a dynamic multinomial logit model with individual heterogeneity and correct for the initial conditions problem. Simulations show that structural state dependence is weak and that transition rates from informal to formal employment are not lower than from other origin states. These results lend support to the integrated view of the labor market. |
| Keywords: | informality, labor mobility, initial conditions problem, state dependence |
| JEL: | J6 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7703&r=cwa |
| By: | Fairlie, Robert W. (University of California, Santa Cruz); Lofstrom, Magnus (Public Policy Institute of California) |
| Abstract: | Immigrants are widely perceived as being highly entrepreneurial and important for economic growth and innovation. This is reflected in immigration policies and many developed countries have created special visas and entry requirements in an attempt to attract immigrant entrepreneurs. Not surprisingly, a large body of research on immigrant entrepreneurship has developed over the years. In this chapter we provide an overview of the economics literature with respect to some of the most fundamental immigrant entrepreneurship issues as well as the empirical methods and data used. The main themes we address are immigrant entrepreneurs' contributions to the economy, entrepreneurship differences across groups and group differences in entrepreneurial success. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, self-employment, innovation, immigrants, immigration |
| JEL: | J15 J18 J31 J38 J61 L26 M13 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7669&r=cwa |
| By: | I. Gruzina (Kharkiv National University of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The article describes the main problems associated with the acceleration of informatization process in Ukraine, that changes the requirements for employees, the attitude to business, the systems of enterprise management, the motives and methods of decision-making. The effect of this process on the economic life of Ukrainian society, its ability to lead to qualitative structural changes in the economy were researched. The obstacles, which hinder the informatization development in Ukraine were identified and directions to overcome them were suggested. The theoretical basis of the "informatization" concept was elaborated. The practical approaches to its implementation in the economic system of a country, a region, an enterprise were considered. |
| Keywords: | : informatization, information society, information infrastructure, information technology |
| Date: | 2013–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nos:zodgwl:e133gru&r=cwa |
| By: | Kaczmarczyk, Pawel (Warsaw University) |
| Abstract: | Analysis of remittances lies in the very centre of the scientific debate on developmental impacts of migration. On the macro level money sent back home may serve as an important source of capital (as compared to the value of export, Development Assistance or Foreign Direct Investment) but also cause inflationary pressure or disincentives for domestic savings. On the micro level remittances may constitute the major source of income and become a means towards consumption smoothing (migration as survival strategy). Notwithstanding, the very nature of remittances and underlying factors are still under theoretical and empirical discussion. The aim of the article is to assess patterns of remittances sent by Ukrainian migrants staying in Poland, to identify the main motives to remit and thus to understand mechanisms governing this process. The article hypothesizes that remitting depends strongly on the structure of migration (including socio-demographic factors responsible for particular motives to remit) and the type of mobility. Particularly, temporary migrants are expected to remit more likely. Econometric analysis based on an unique survey on migration and remittances completed in 2012 shows that in case of temporary migrants whose life centers are still located in sending communities remittances easily become an important part of contractual intra-family arrangements (with altruistic and exchange motives playing also a role). This outcome is important from the policy perspective because it helps to utilize developmental impacts of longstanding temporary migration strategies. |
| Keywords: | remittances, reasons to remit, Ukrainian migrants in Poland |
| JEL: | F22 F24 J61 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7666&r=cwa |
| By: | Rabindra Nepal (School of Economics, University of Queensland); Tooraj Jamasb (Business School, Durham University) |
| Abstract: | Economic theory suggests that market-based policies and reforms should promote energy efficiency in developing and transition countries. his paper, therefore, analyses the impacts of a varied set of market-oriented macro-level reforms on macro level energy efficiency across the transition countries. Since the early 1990s, these economies experienced a rapid marketization process which transformed them from central planning towards more market driven economies. The results from the relatively new bias corrected fixed-effect analysis (LSDVC) technique suggest that between 1990 and 2010, reforms in overall market liberalisation, financial sector and infrastructure industries, excluding the power sector, drove the energy efficiency improvements in these countries. Also, privatisation programmes only improved energy efficiency in the SEE countries. Thus, the empirical evidence support market driven energy efficiency policies aimed at addressing the market failures in the network industries and capital markets. We conclude that these results can help explain the energy efficiency policy puzzles in developing and transition countries where energy efficiency improvement can be a leading policy response to growing climate change and security of supply concerns. |
| Keywords: | Market Reforms, Energy Efficiency, Transition Countries, Institutions |
| JEL: | P28 Q54 C33 |
| Date: | 2013–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qld:uqeemg:8-2013&r=cwa |
| By: | Bertrand Venard (Audencia Recherche - Audencia, Wharton Business School - University of Pennsylvania) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to analyze the relationship between institutional quality, corruption level, and economic development. The methodology makes use of cross-national data developed by the World Bank on perceived levels of corruption, institutional framework quality and economic development to test various hypotheses. The added value of this paper is thus to investigate the impact of both institutional framework quality and corruption on economic development. A significant addition to the literature is made by using genuine wealth growth per capita as a proxy for economic development, rather than GDP growth per capita (Ehrlich, Lui, 1999). One other original contribution is the application of the rarely used PLS (Partial Least Squares) structural equation modelling to evaluate the proposed scheme. The empirical research supports the "sand in the wheel" school of thought in relation to the effects of corruption on economic development. |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00874275&r=cwa |
| By: | Ernest Miguélez (Economics and Statistics Division, World Intellectual Property Organization & AQR-IREA & CReAM); Rosina Moreno (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which regions’ absorptive capacity determines knowledge flows’ impact on regional innovation intensity. In particular, it looks at the role of the cross-regional co-patenting and mobility of inventors in fostering innovation, and how regions with large absorptive capacity make the most of these two phenomena. The paper uses a panel of 274 regions over 8 years to estimate a regional knowledge production function with fixed-effects. Network and mobility variables, and interactions with regions’ absorptive capacity, are included among the r.h.s. variables to test the hypotheses. We find evidence of the role of both mobility and networks. However, inflows of inventors are critical for wealthier regions, while have more nuanced effects for less developed areas. It also shows that regions’ absorptive capacity critically adds an innovation premium to the benefits to tap into external knowledge pools. Indeed, the present study corroborates earlier work on the role of mobility and networks for spatial knowledge diffusion and subsequent innovation. However, it clearly illustrates that a certain level of technological development is critical to take advantage of these phenomena, and therefore “one-size-fits-all” innovation policies need to be reconsidered. |
| Keywords: | absorptive capacity, inventor mobility, spatial networks, patents, regional innovation. JEL classification: |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:201316&r=cwa |