|
on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Tilman Brück; Damir Esenaliev; Antje Kroeger; Alma Kudebayeva; Bakhrom Mirkasimov; Susan Steiner |
| Abstract: | This paper summarizes the micro-level survey evidence from Central Asia generated and analyzed between 1991 and 2012. We provide an exhaustive overview over all accessible individual and household-level surveys undertaken in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan - and of all English-language academic papers published using these datasets. We argue that Central Asia is a fascinating region for the study of comparative economics given its dual experience of transition and development. However, the region is also understudied, in part due to lack of data, and especially due to a lack of panel data. We identify knowledge gaps caused from this lack of longitudinal surveys and suggest worthwhile areas for future research. Finally, we also present the new and novel individual-level panel dataset called "Life in Kyrgyzstan". |
| Keywords: | Survey data, poverty, labor force participation, Central Asia |
| JEL: | O12 I32 J22 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1257&r=cwa |
| By: | Angela Luci (Institut national d'études démographiques); Olivier Thévenon (Institut national d'études démographiques) |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idg:wpaper:174&r=cwa |
| By: | WHO |
| Abstract: | Since the World Health Organization (WHO) was founded in 1948, the world has changed dramatically and so too has its health. But while some scourges (e.g. smallpox and polio) have subsided, others have made a comeback (e.g. tuberculosis) and frightening new diseases (e.g. Ebola and Marburg) have appeared.This book is primarily for young people, especially those interested in working in public health. It explains in simple, non-technical language how humankind developed techniques to protect the health of communities, drawing on first-hand interviews with leading public health figures. It covers a wide range of topics, from the control of infectious disease outbreaks to fighting the stigma attached to mental health conditions.These narratives, told from many parts of the world, show how individuals, communities, institutions and countries can improve people's health when they work together. They show the role that WHO has played in providing countries with the technical support and coordination to make progress in health possible. |
| Keywords: | Education, Other |
| Date: | 2012–02–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ctcres:qt8w6294r9&r=cwa |
| By: | Randall W. Eberts (W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research); Mark E. Schweitzer |
| Keywords: | wage differential, cost-of-living, regional issues |
| JEL: | J31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upj:weupjo:rwe1994er2&r=cwa |
| By: | WHO |
| Keywords: | Public Health |
| Date: | 2012–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ctcres:qt3286m84p&r=cwa |
| By: | Georgy Idrisov (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Sergey Sinelnikov-Murylev (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with the analysis of the consequences of the abolition of export duties on crude oil and petroleum products as a necessary measure to create incentives to improve energy efficiency of the Russian economy and the elimination of underdevelopment caused by the unprecedented long-term subsidies to inefficient Russian oil refining. The authors consider three possible scenarios for the abolition of export duties on crude oil and domestic market and the conservation of tax revenues at a constant level. |
| Keywords: | resource rent, oil refining, export duty on crude oil and petroleum products, energy efficiency of the Russian economy |
| JEL: | L71 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:0042&r=cwa |
| By: | Badolo, Felix; Kinda , Somlanare Romuald |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the existing literature on climatic variability and food security. It analyzes the effect of climatic shocks on food security for 77 developing countries from 1960 to 2008. Using two complementary indicators of food security (food supply, proportion of undernourished people), we find that climatic shocks reduce food supply in developing countries. The adverse effect is higher for African Sub Saharan countries than other developing countries. Second, food supply is a channel by which climatic shocks increase the proportion of undernourished people. Third, the negative effects of climatic shocks are exacerbated in presence of civil conflicts and are high for countries that are vulnerable to food prices shocks. |
| Keywords: | Civil conflicts; Food Prices shocks; Food security; Climatic shocks |
| JEL: | D74 Q17 Q54 Q18 |
| Date: | 2012–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:43006&r=cwa |
| By: | Nadezhda Volovik (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Sergey Prikhodko (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Alexander Pakhomov (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | Over recent years Russia has actually become a monoculture exporter: three types of energy resources (crude oil, oil products and natural gas) ensure about 60% of the overall export volume. In the circumstances of such high export concentration over a small group of commodities, Russia’s room for maneuver regarding foreign economic ties becomes significantly narrower and its vulnerability with respect to negative changes towards global fluctuations is growing significantly. |
| Keywords: | international trade, exports, Russian economy |
| JEL: | F10 F13 F19 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:0040&r=cwa |
| By: | Yuri Bobylev (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | Petroleum complex is Russia’s basic economic sector which is playing a leading role in providing the state budget revenues. This paper is dedicated to the main issues of the government petroleum tax policy in Russia. The author analyses the outcome of the implemented petroleum tax reform and possible measures designed for further taxation improvement in this sector. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, oil production, oil export, oil prices |
| JEL: | L71 L72 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:0041&r=cwa |
| By: | Knut Are Aastveit; Hilde C. Bjørnland; Leif Anders Thorsrud |
| Abstract: | We analyze the importance of demand from emerging and developed economies as drivers of the real price of oil. Using a method that allows us to identify demand from different groups of countries across the world, we find that demand from emerging economies (most notably from Asian countries) is more than twice as important as demand from developed countries in accounting for the fluctuations in the real price of oil and in oil production. Furthermore, we find that different geographical regions respond differently to oil supply shocks and oil-specific demand shocks that drive up oil prices, with Europe and North America being more negatively affected than emerging economies in Asia and South America. We demonstrate that this heterogeneity in responses is not only attributable to differences in energy intensity in production across regions but also to degree of openness and the investment share in GDP. |
| Keywords: | Oil prices, emerging and developed countries, demand and supply shocks, factor augmented vector autoregressions |
| JEL: | C32 E32 F41 |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bny:wpaper:0007&r=cwa |
| By: | Caner, Asena (TOBB University of Economy and Technology); Okten, Cagla (Bilkent University) |
| Abstract: | We investigate how the benefits of publicly financed higher education in Turkey are distributed among students with different socioeconomic backgrounds. We use a unique dataset from a nationally representative sample of university entrance exam takers together with data on government subsidies to public universities. We compare the characteristics of students who succeed in the exam to those who do not and those who enter public universities to those who go to private ones. Our econometric analyses based on a three-stage selection model reveal that students from wealthier and more educated families are more likely to be successful at university entrance. Unlike the findings in other countries, students who enroll in private universities come from higher income and more educated families. However, among those who enter public universities, students from higher income and more educated families are more likely to go to universities that receive larger subsidies from the government. |
| Keywords: | higher education, public finance of higher education, Turkey, education, government subsidies |
| JEL: | O12 I22 I24 O15 H4 J1 |
| Date: | 2012–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7011&r=cwa |
| By: | Senanayaka, Tharaka Sameera; Kumara, Ajantha Sisira |
| Abstract: | By using the Sri Lanka Household Income and Expenditure Surveys in 2002, 2006/2007, and 2009/2010, this paper examines patterns and determinants of employment status of the Sri Lankan elderly. The study employs multinomial logit model to realize the research objectives. The results of the study reveal that more than 50 percent of the Sri Lankan elderly are currently inactive, yet five percent of the oldest elderly and 18 percent of the elderly with bad health conditions are engaged in labor market activities. The results further demonstrate that younger male elderly, who are married and living in female-headed households are more likely to be employed than to be inactive. The receipts of remittances, social security payments, and bad health conditions reduce the probability of being employed. At present, ethnicity does not play a significant role in determining employment status of the Sri Lankan elderly. |
| Keywords: | Elderly, Employment Status, Sri Lanka |
| JEL: | J14 J11 |
| Date: | 2012–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:42977&r=cwa |
| By: | Vladimir Mau (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy) |
| Abstract: | It is for nearly half a century that the problem of measuring efficiency of provision of assistance by more developed countries to less developed ones has been in the center of attention of economists. Notably, in the period after World War II the world has witnessed several stages (models) of assistance that appeared different both in terms of countries-recipients of that and by forms of the assistance provided. |
| Keywords: | economic assistance, Russian economy, assistance efficiency |
| JEL: | O19 H77 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:wpaper:0038&r=cwa |