|
on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Birol TOPUZ Author_Email: (UWIC, Uk and Qafqaz University in Azerbaijan) |
| Keywords: | Locus of control job satisfaction, personal qualification, time management, primary, secondary school education, school administrative, teacher |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-084-316&r=cwa |
| By: | Hasan, Dr. Syed Akif; Subhani, Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz; Osman, Ms. Amber |
| Abstract: | Perpetual Disparities in all norms of lives are one of those essences of Pakistan which have been like a ghost that always exploits to its victims. This paper investigates and identifies the Disparities in the wage Structure of Pakistan. Data for the wages from 9 different sectors which includes Mining and Quarrying, Manufacturing, Electric Gas and Water, Construction, Whole and Retail Trade, Transportation, Financial Real Estate have been taken from Labor force survey for 2000- 2010, which is available at State Bank and Economic Survey of Pakistan. The main objective/ proposition of this study is to compare the wages of the outlined sectors with the wage structure of agriculture sector. The Split technique for means has been deployed to interrogate the data and the propositions of this research. It is revealed in this paper that wages of all the selected sectors are at higher side as compared to the agriculture sector of Pakistan, and despite of the claim that Pakistan is an agririan country, the agriculture sector has been ignored in terms of wages offered to the employees work for it. |
| Keywords: | Disparity; Wages; Real Wages; Sectorial Wages; Income Distribution; Inequality |
| JEL: | E24 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:37664&r=cwa |
| By: | Azhar Baisakalova Author_Email: NIL (Department of Public Administration College of Social Sciences Kazakhstan Institute of Management,Economics and Strategic Research (KIMEP),Almaty,Kazakhstan) |
| Keywords: | corporate social responsibility, tripartite partnership, CSR model. |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1asb11:2011-025-165&r=cwa |
| By: | Lokshin, Michael (World Bank); Gimpelson, Vladimir (CLMS, Moscow Higher School of Economics); Oshchepkov, Aleksey (Higher School of Economics, Moscow) |
| Abstract: | Contrary to the experiences of other countries, perceptions of job insecurity in Russia were not correlated with the rates of unemployment and the business cycle over the last decade. We develop the theoretical framework that predicts that the individual perceptions of job insecurity depend on regional unemployment rates and on the within-group variance of wage distribution faced by workers. We test this hypothesis using data from ten panel rounds of Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey. Our results indicate that while higher rates of unemployment make workers feel less job secure, the wage compression during recessions reduces their fears of losing a job. In periods of economic expansion the effect of lower unemployment rates is offset by the higher fears of losing better paying jobs. |
| Keywords: | unemployment, job security, business cycle, Russia |
| JEL: | J28 J30 J64 |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6422&r=cwa |
| By: | Iris Claus (Asian Development Bank); Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (International Center for Public Policy. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University); VIoleta Vulovic (International Center for Public Policy. Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University) |
| Date: | 2012–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper1213&r=cwa |
| By: | C. J. Polychroniou |
| Abstract: | The five-year-long crisis of Western finance capitalism is pushing advanced liberal societies to a breaking point. If governments continue to be proxies of finance capital and aspiring political leaders cheerleaders for their financial backers, a catastrophic economic scenario is not really as far-fetched as some might like to think. Governments, industries, and households are under debt bondage, with the result that revenues from every sector of the economy are being diverted toward interest payments and late fees for various loans taken out on largely exploitative, even fraudulent terms. Now, after years of building up a Ponzi financial regime, Western capitalism faces its ultimate test. Will it collapse, giving rise to long-term economic instability and authoritarian political regimes? Or will it find the strength and the wisdom to make a comeback? |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:levypn:12-03&r=cwa |
| By: | Debarshi Ghosh Author_Email: debarshi07@gmail.com (Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India); Sukanya Ghosh (Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India) |
| Keywords: | Non-performing assets, Performance indicators, Regulatory compliance, Capital adequacy norms. |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-057-173&r=cwa |
| By: | Seyed Razi Nabavi C Author_Email: srazi.nabavi@yahoo.com (Osmania University, Hyderabad, India); Dr. Younos Vakil Alroaia (Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, Semnan, Iran); Peyman Barzegar Kaligi (Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, Semnan, Iran) |
| Keywords: | Profitability, Supplier Units, AHP, Iran |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-052-155&r=cwa |
| By: | Norizaton Azmin Mohd. Nordin Author_Email: NIL (Faculty of Business and Law); Musthafa Mohamad (Faculty of Business and Law); Nurul Fatihah Kamarulzaman (Faculty of Business and Law) |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneur, Women Entrepreneur, Investments |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1asb11:2011-029-185&r=cwa |
| By: | Hasan, Dr. Syed Akif; Subhani, Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz; Osman, Mohammad |
| Abstract: | This study examines the co-movement of the buying patterns of the high and low involvement products in Pakistan in the presence of various economic players. Yearly data is collected from 1991 to 2010 containing unemployment rate, inflation rate, per capita income (MP) and interest rate (average) and the consumptions of High and low involvement products. Results reveal that there are the fluctuating trends in unemployment rate, inflation rate, per capita income and interest rate for the different time intervals while the consumptions of high and low involvement product is found to be co integrated for the outlined years during the fluctuating trends of outlined economical players. |
| Keywords: | High involvement product; Low involvement products; economical players; co-integration |
| JEL: | E2 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:37659&r=cwa |
| By: | Sabine Sedlacek; Gunther Maier |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwsre:sre-disc-2012_02&r=cwa |
| By: | Hasan, Dr. Syed Akif; Subhani, Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz; Osman, Ms. Amber |
| Abstract: | This paper is an attempt to interrogate and examine the unstoppable short fall of energy which has been paralyzing the life of Karachi for decades. The monthly data for the period of Jan-2009 to Dec-2011 has been interrogated while using the Pearson correlation, Vector Auto regression (VAR) and Tobit model, to conclude the bottom line. The findings reveal that there is a vast difference between the actual demand and actual supply of energy i.e. energy shortfall for the various segments of Karachi city which include house hold and industrial consumptions both, and such overwhelming gap causes Load shedding for every now and then, and made the life of this city even difficult but this load shedding to overcome the stated gap does not reduce it empirically and historically. The paper also confirms that it is the short fall which decides the per unit price of energy use for both the households and industries. |
| Keywords: | Energy; Electricity; Vector Auto Regression; Tobit Model; Energy Short Fall |
| JEL: | N7 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:37663&r=cwa |
| By: | Nusaibah Mansor Author_Email: (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka); Siti Norbaya Yahaya (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka); Nurul Zarirah Nizam (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka); Othman Aman (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka) |
| Keywords: | green technology; automotive; environment; consumer behaviour |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-068-247&r=cwa |
| By: | Esfahani, H. S.; Mohaddes, K.; Pesaran, M. H. |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a long-run growth model for a major oil exporting economy and derives conditions under which oil revenues are likely to have a lasting impact. This approach contrasts with the standard literature on the "Dutch disease" and the "resource curse", which primarily focuses on short-run implications of a temporary resource discovery. Under certain regularity conditions and assuming a Cobb-Douglas production function, it is shown that (log) oil exports enter the long-run output equation with a coefficient equal to the share of capital (a). The long-run theory is tested using quarterly data on nine major oil economies, six of which are current members of OPEC (Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), plus Indonesia which is a former member, and Mexico and Norway, which are members of the OECD. Overall, the test results support the long-run theory. The existence of long-run relations between real output, foreign output and real oil income is established for six of the nine economies considered. The exceptions, Mexico and Norway, do not possess sufficient oil reserves for oil income to have lasting impacts on their economies. At their current production rates, the proven oil reserves of Mexico and Norway are expected to last 9 and 10 years respectively, as compared to reserve-production ratios of OPEC members, which lie in the range of 45 to 125 years. For Indonesia, whose share of oil income in GDP has been declining steadily over the past three decades, the theory suggests that the e¤ect of oil income on the economy?s steady state growth rate will vanish eventually, and this is indeed con?rmed by the results. Sensible estimates of a are also obtained across the six economies with long-run output equations, and impulse responses are provided for the e¤ects of shocks to oil income and foreign output in these economies. |
| Keywords: | Growth models, long run and error correcting relations, major oil exporters, OPEC member countries, oil exports and foreign output shocks. |
| JEL: | C32 C53 E17 F43 F47 Q32 |
| Date: | 2012–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1215&r=cwa |
| By: | Fattouh, Bassam; Kilian, Lutz; Mahadeva, Lavan |
| Abstract: | A popular view is that the surge in the price of oil during 2003-08 cannot be explained by economic fundamentals, but was caused by the increased financialization of oil futures markets, which in turn allowed speculation to become a major determinant of the spot price of oil. This interpretation has been driving policy efforts to regulate oil futures markets. This survey reviews the evidence supporting this view. We identify six strands in the literature corresponding to different empirical methodologies and discuss to what extent each approach sheds light on the role of speculation. We find that the existing evidence is not supportive of an important role of speculation in driving the spot price of oil after 2003. Instead, there is strong evidence that the co-movement between spot and futures prices reflects common economic fundamentals rather than the financialization of oil futures markets. |
| Keywords: | Financialization; Fundamentals; Futures market; Oil price; Speculation; Spot market |
| JEL: | G15 G28 Q43 |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:8916&r=cwa |
| By: | Muhammad, Shahbaz; Ilhan, Ozturk |
| Abstract: | The study reconsiders the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth by incorporating financial development, capital and labor as important factors of production using augmented production function in Turkey for the period of 1971-2009. In doing so, we applied ARDL bounds testing approach and found long run relationship between electricity consumption, economic growth, financial development, capital and labour. Further,results indicated that electricity consumption, financial development, capital and labor have positive effect on economic growth. The VECM granger causality analysis shows bidirectional causality between electricity consumption, economic growth, financial development,capital and labor. The findings have important policy implication to sustain economic growth through comprehensive energy policy and developing financial sector in Turkey. |
| Keywords: | Electricity consumption; Financial development; Economic growth |
| JEL: | F43 Q4 |
| Date: | 2012–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:37637&r=cwa |
| By: | Hasan, Dr. Syed Akif; Subhani, Dr. Muhammad Imtiaz; Osman, Ms. Amber |
| Abstract: | The behavior of following the most in vogue and admired styles of dressing has been there since the ancient times. With time, people have moved on with the rapid change in the surroundings. Both the genders acknowledge fashion. Fashion is an extension of regular clothing. This paper investigates the role of economical players which includes per capita income and inflations in shaping up the various trends/ fashion trends/ trends in clothing and their consumptions for Pakistan, India, United States and Australia. The findings of this paper confirms that the outline economical players do matter for various popular trends of Pakistan, India and United States, while the same economical players they don’t really matter for shaping up the fashion trends in Australia, this suggest that these nations have different socio economical conditions along with the various different modes of lifestyles which are mattered for various categories of reasons. |
| Keywords: | Fashion Trends; Per capita Income; Inflation; Clothing |
| JEL: | A1 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:37660&r=cwa |
| By: | Ridhima Gupta (Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi; Institute of Economic Growth) |
| Abstract: | Biomass burning of agricultural field residue (stalks and stubble) during wheat and rice harvesting periods in the Indo-Gangetic plains has led to substantial emission of trace gases and particles. This paper seeks to address the regulation of emissions from open field burning of rice residue in Punjab, India by first uncovering the factors that explain on field residue burning of rice residue in Punjab. The results suggest that the use of a combine harvester was the single most important determinant of the decision to burn rice residue. The decision to use the combine harvester was in turn determined by the rice variety sown by a farmer. Rice residue are largely burnt, as machinery for planting into loose residue was hitherto unavailable. The recently developed Happy Seeder technology overcomes this problem. It is a tractor-mounted machine that can sow wheat into the rice residue left by the combine harvester thereby precluding its burning. I conclude that Happy Seeder is a low-cost alternative to open field burning of rice residue vis-a-vis conventional tillage. I also find no evidence of an increase or decrease in mean yield of wheat from incorporation of the residue with Happy Seeder compared to conventional tillage. These results have important implication for mitigation policies to reduce residue burning in this region. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:isipdp:11-11&r=cwa |