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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | V.K. Dhar |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the basis upon which rural and urban areas are classified as such. It looks into various criteria for the above all over the world and re-iterates the Indian definition of an ‘urban’ area. It then examines the role of cities and urban areas as engines of growth and specifies the need for developing rural-urban linkages and planning in a spatial perspective. [Working Paper No. 06-10]. |
| Keywords: | rural, urban areas, cities, city, Indian, growth, Human Settlements, SEZs, municipal local areas, villages, population |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2455&r=cwa |
| By: | Shanaka J. Peiris; Magnus Saxegaard; Rahul Anand |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a small open economy dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium model with macrofinancial linkages. The model includes a financial accelerator--entrepreneurs are assumed to partially finance investment using domestic and foreign currency debt--to assess the importance of financial frictions in the amplification and propagation of the effects of transitory shocks. We use Bayesian estimation techniques to estimate the model using India data. The model is used to assess the importance of the financial accelerator in India and the optimality of monetary policy. |
| Keywords: | Bank credit , Capital flows , Corporate sector , Economic models , Exchange rates , External borrowing , External financing , External shocks , Financial sector , Foreign exchange , India , Monetary policy , |
| Date: | 2010–01–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:10/21&r=cwa |
| By: | Shailly Arora |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks to analyse the present situation of the bus transport system in Delhi and addresses the question of how privatising bus transport system in Delhi would make the present scenario of Delhi roads much better. [CCS WP No. No. 0036]. |
| Keywords: | urban transport system, delhi, bus, privatising, roads, India, private, city bus, contract, CNG, Civil Engineering, carriage |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2449&r=cwa |
| By: | Azam, Mehtabul (Southern Methodist University); Chin, Aimee (University of Houston); Prakash, Nishith (Dartmouth College) |
| Abstract: | India's colonial legacy and linguistic diversity give English an important role in its economy, and this role has expanded due to globalization in recent decades. It is widely believed that there are sizable economic returns to English-language skills in India, but the extent of these returns is unknown due to lack of a microdata set containing measures of both earnings and English ability. In this paper, we use a newly available data set – the India Human Development Survey, 2005 – to quantify the effects of English-speaking ability on wages. We find that being fluent in English (compared to not speaking any English) increases hourly wages of men by 34%, which is as much as the return to completing secondary school and half as much as the return to completing a Bachelor’s degree. Being able to speak a little English significantly increases male hourly wages 13%. There is considerable heterogeneity in returns to English. More experienced and more educated workers receive higher returns to English. The complementarity between English skills and education appears to have strengthened over time. Only the more educated among young workers earn a premium for English skill, whereas older workers across all education groups do. |
| Keywords: | English language, human capital, India |
| JEL: | J31 J24 O15 |
| Date: | 2010–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4802&r=cwa |
| By: | Deepita Chakravarty; Indranil Bose |
| Abstract: | While there is a clear policy shift towards large-scale industrialization in the state of West Bengal (WB) during the early 1990s, not much improvement can be discerned in the performance of the manufacturing output. Moreover, contrary to the Indian experience, more than half of the manufacturing output is still produced by small initiatives in the unorganized sector. It is argued that the peculiarity of institutional behaviour that determines the policy outcomes in the state. The rigidities in the political as well as the economic institutions in the state are prompting us to look at WB as a classic case of "institutional stickiness" leading to "path dependency". Clearly the right institutions for creating a more enabling environment for industry do not seem to exist. Not only do they not exist, but also their growth or emergence is frustrated by an overarching institution -'the party' which seems to keep encroaching upon every sphere. All this results in a veritable decline of organized manufacturing alongside a corresponding growth of the unorganized sector in the state. Apart from secondary sources this paper is based on information collected from some selected stakeholders: business associations, firms, trade unions and bureaucrats. [CESS WP 83]. |
| Keywords: | industrialization, output, India, polictical, economic instititution, institutional, formal and informal institutions,institutional stickiness, path dependency, India, West Bengal, organized manufacturing, trade unions and bureaucrats, business firms, Unogranized sector, information, institution, |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2452&r=cwa |
| By: | Chandra, Abhijeet |
| Abstract: | Whether inexplicable patterns of abnormal stock market returns are detected in empirical studies of the stock market, a return anomaly is said to be found. There are other similar anomalies existing in the stock market. Economically meaningful stock market anomalies not only are statistically significant but also offer meaningful risk adjusted economic rewards to investors. Statistically significant stock market anomalies have yet-unknown economic and/or psychological explanations. A joint test problem exists because anomalies evidence that is inconsistent with a perfectly efficient market could be an indication of either market inefficiency or a simple failure of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) accuracy. Some of the most-discussed about market anomalies are return anomaly, market capitalization effect, value effect, calendar effect, and announcement effect. Though various studies have been conducted to find out the presence of these anomalies across the stock markets worldwide, very few studies with reference to Indian stock market are available in the financial literature. This study aims to find the evidence of one of the anomalies, calendar effect in BSE Sensex, India’s leading stock exchange. |
| Keywords: | Anomalies; Calender Effecr; Indian Stock Market; SENSEX |
| JEL: | G2 O16 |
| Date: | 2009–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:21290&r=cwa |
| By: | Das, Rituparna |
| Abstract: | Monetary policy is a very important factor influencing the working of the financial sector of the economy. Forecasting money supply is a part and parcel of designing monetary policy. This paper reviews the econometric models of forecasting money supply in India for the entire post independence period, points out their gaps and tries to fill these gaps. Following are the findings of the paper: (a) Money stock appears as an important determining factor of the economic variables like exchange rate and export volume, which in turn determine the external balance. (b) RBI’s operations in the foreign exchange market affect the exchange rate not immediately, but at 12 months lag. (c) The exchange rate movement may affect the RBI decision to interfere in the foreign exchange market in the immediate short run, but not in the long run. (d) In short run export performance may in some cases give incentives to banks to offer loans, but not in long run. Exercising of discretionary power by bank managers in matter of extending credit facilities is a short-term and not much frequent phenomenon. (e) In absence of bank credit to commercial sector export would be negative or there will be net import. |
| Keywords: | interest rate; forecasting; money supply; bank credit |
| JEL: | E51 |
| Date: | 2010–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:21392&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to find out the techniques and suggest computer-based solution to reduce poverty from Pakistan, and suggest sustainable management of micro-Finance and Self-help Finance systems. Literature review at national and international level reveals that many researchers have attempted to suggest microfinance as a tool to reduce poverty. Self-help financing blended with donor’s finance is also successfully being practiced. Model of Grameen Bank is also being replicated with some modification as per demand of the localities, as there is always a room for improvement with scientific and technological inventions. Computer technology, as it is already playing its role in various fields, can be fruitfully utilized for proper management of this proposed project. Presently NADRA e-Sahulat and Telenor’s easy paisa are programs that have capability to help the masses with maximum accuracy in the financial transactions. Some studies also encourage establishing a microfinance bank, with small deposits plus donor’s funds, to be electronically managed by NGOs and controlled by organizations of indigenous peoples in villages. This study concludes that by reducing manpower intermediate-expenditure and irregularities will reduce poverty and will help in saving the amount for maximizing their own welfare. Presently, facilities are already available with latest technology, which if modified and innovated will bear fruit. This study suggested that how national and international donor Agencies should get accurate real-time information relating dissemination of their funds in right-hands, with to increased efficiency and decreased management expenditure. |
| Keywords: | Microfinance; Self-Help Finance; NADRA e-Sahulat; Tameer Bank and Easypaisa |
| JEL: | J62 B21 M54 D85 G21 J23 |
| Date: | 2010–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:21264&r=cwa |
| By: | Vinayak Uppal; Debjani Ghosh |
| Abstract: | The paper raises some hard questions that need to be answered before one can conclude that events such as Common Wealth Games has a positive effect on the host community. Can the financial requirements for such an event be possible to generate? Some other questions that arise out of such events, with particular relevance in this paper, is its impact on the urban scenario. Will the event lead to rampant and unchecked development, possibly unplanned? Will the infrastructure created be beneficial post-event or will it remain under utilised? Will the city’s infrastructure be able to bear the strain of additional visitors that flood the city during such an event? Will the event prove to be a hindrance to the city’s residents during the event? [Working paper No. 06- 12]. |
| Keywords: | city, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, Olympics, Sports Authority of India, Sports facility structure, Ministry of Youth Affairs, sports infrastructure, development, financial requirements, urban scenario, community, infrastructure, sports event, |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2456&r=cwa |
| By: | Subhani, Dr.Muhammad Imtiaz; Osman, Ms.Amber |
| Abstract: | Brand awareness remains fundamental to consumer life as the interaction initiation point to the brands. This paper put forwards the relationship of brand awareness on consumer/brand loyalty in the packaged milk brands in the urban Pakistan. There is evidence of brand awareness and consumer/brand loyalty on brand equity. The approach takes into account sources of brand equity—brand awareness, consumer/brand loyalty, and image (perceptions / associations) on the sample of consumer households. This paper suggests that in Pakistan among the packaged milk brands there is no relationship between brand awareness and consumer/brand loyalty. In addition, testing relationship by setting perceptions as the mediating variable between brand awareness and consumer/brand loyalty results the same. For practicing managers and marketers it is important to note that there is a need to update their understanding of the nature and role of brand awareness on convenience products which has random switch purchase behavior and low-involvement. In the current era, marketers must develop branding strategies for commodity-products such as milk packaged brands by investing and strengthening its supply chain system, to create and increase brand awareness for the milk brands in-turn to build consumer/brand loyalty than trying to directly build consumer/brand loyalty by heavy spending on promotional tools. |
| Keywords: | BRAND AWARENESS, CONSUMER/BRAND LOYALTY, BRAND EQUITY, BRAND PERCEPTION |
| JEL: | B21 M37 L66 D71 M31 D12 A13 D43 D01 |
| Date: | 2009–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:21366&r=cwa |
| By: | Neeraj Hatekar; Sanjay Rode |
| Abstract: | The attention of the media and planners has been focussed almost exclusively on rural and tribal malnutrition. However, malnutrition among urban children, particularly the economically vulnerable slum population has been almost entirely neglected, with the exception of a very few studies. A sample of 1000 households in eight kaccha settlements in Mumbai has been chosen for the study. Five of these settlements are in the Eastern suburbs whereas the other five are in the Western suburbs. This sample was taken in November -December 2002. In the study incidence of malnourishment among children under the age of five has been captured. |
| Keywords: | media, planners, Mumbai city, malnutrition, children, economically, suburbs, kaccha settlements, vulnerable slum population, tribal, rural, planners, urban, households, school, workforce, girls, boys, younger groups, healthy activities, weight, height, sex, age, |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2453&r=cwa |