|
on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Christine Binzel; Ragui Assaad |
| Abstract: | We analyze in this paper the impact of male-dominated migration and remittance income on the participation and hours worked decisions of adults left behind, including the hours spent by women in subsistence and domestic work. We differentiate between a 'pure' migration ("M") effect and the joint effect of migration and remittance income ("MR") and evaluate these effects for men and women separately. Additionally, we examine the labor supply behavior of wives whose husband migrated. We draw on the 2006 cross section using an instrumental variable approach as well as on the 1998/2006 panel of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS06). In line with the literature, women in MR households (albeit not in M households) tend to reduce their wage and salary work. We find evidence for both intra-household specialization and an increase in women's (and wives') total work load. Men are generally less affected. Our results suggest that it is important to differentiate between these two effects and between the different forms of market and non-market work as well as to consider the relationship between remitter and recipient. |
| Keywords: | migration, remittances, labor supply, time allocation, gender |
| JEL: | J22 F22 R23 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp954&r=cwa |
| By: | Aya Okada |
| Abstract: | This paper is aganist the popular assertion regarding the links between innovation and clustering and it is found that the main sources of knowledge transfer and innovation among key firms in Bangalore’s software cluster are their external linkages outside the cluster rather than face-to-face interactions between firms within the cluster. Moreover, the rich pool of skilled labor, made available through clustering has played an important role in facilitating learning, that is, diffusing the knowledge brought in by foreign networks. |
| Keywords: | innovation, clustering, transfer, Bangalore, software, cluster, linkages, labor, skilled labour, foreign, knowledge, firms, knowledge, economies of scale, economy, information, human resources, competitive environment, biotechnology, India |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2300&r=cwa |
| By: | Sabiha Hussain |
| Abstract: | The present paper deals with the discourse of the rights of Muslim women in the pre- independence period with particular reference to the Shariat Act 1937 and the Muslim Marriage Dissolution Act 1939. A few questions have been raised which would provide a comprehensive idea of the intentions behind these enactments. This paper attempts to explore the sociohistorical and political situation in which these Acts were passed. To this end, various debates have been captured that took place among the legislators in the assembly, social reformers, writers, community leaders and so on. The role of political parties, women’s organizations and the women’s movement is also taken into account in dealing with the above issue. The paper is based on information collected from primary and secondary sources, and analysis is socio-historical in nature. [CWDS]. |
| Keywords: | India, writers, shariat act, women, muslim, independence, British, law, legislators, political, social, community, primary, secondary, socio-historical, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2294&r=cwa |
| By: | Jean O Lanjouw |
| Abstract: | Introducing patent rights in developing country markets might stimulate greater R and D investment targeting their specific health needs – areas long neglected. This paper examines this argument using statistical data and survey evidence. We identify a set of diseases where 99 per cent of the burden is estimated to fall in lower income countries. Because science gaps and market potential will influence R and D priorities, this group is broke into a subset that already have low-cost and effect treatments, and those that to not. |
| Keywords: | R and D, investment, health, statistical data, survey, diseases, burden, lower income countries, science, market potential, low cost, treatments, Pharmaceutical Research, poor countries, innovative, India, R&D, developing drugs, drugs |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2308&r=cwa |
| By: | Nirmala Buch |
| Abstract: | This paper presents some of the findings of our recent study on women’s representation and participation in panchayats. Some of the findings of the study (Buch; 1999) of women in panchayats after the amendment in 1992 mandating a minimum one-third representation to women in all panchayats in the country is discussed. The study captures their experience and impact in three northern states of MP, Rajasthan and UP. The study explores various aspects, including the newly elected women’s socio- economic profile, motivation to enter these institutions, awareness and knowledge, participation, performance, constraints, aspirations, supports of various social institutions and the community members’ perception about their impact and performance. [CWDS OP]. |
| Keywords: | northen states, social institutions, community, rajasthan, UP, MP, scheduled castes, indian, village, democratic, rural, voters, republic women, participation, panchayatats, amendment, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2327&r=cwa |
| By: | Hossain, Mahabub |
| Keywords: | millions fed, food security, Agricultural policy, Environmental impacts, Minor irrigation, shallow tubewells, tube wells, boro rice, technological progress, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:917&r=cwa |
| By: | Iannotti, Lora; Cunningham, Kenda; Ruel, Marie |
| Keywords: | millions fed, food security, Homestead food production, HFP, Micronutrient, Homestead garden, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:928&r=cwa |
| By: | Schultz, T. Paul (Yale University) |
| Abstract: | The demographic transition changes the age composition of a population, affecting resource allocations at the household and aggregate level. If age profiles of income, consumption, savings and investments were stable and estimable for the entire population, they might suggest how the demographic transition would affect inputs to growth. However, existing macro and micro simulations are estimated from unrepresentative samples of wage earners that do not distinguish sex, schooling, etc. The "demographic dividend" is better evaluated through case studies of household surveys and long-run social experiments. Matlab, Bangladesh, extended a family planning and maternal and child health program to half the villages in its district in 1977, and recorded fertility in the program villages was 16 percent lower than in control villages for the following two decades until 1996. Households in program villages realized health and productivity gains that were concentrated among women, while child survival and schooling increased, and household physical assets were 25 percent greater per adult than in control villages. |
| JEL: | J13 J21 J68 O15 |
| Date: | 2009–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:yaleco:71&r=cwa |
| By: | V K Raina |
| Abstract: | A State-of-Art Review of Glacial Studies, Glacial Retreat and Climate Change |
| Keywords: | Indian, Jammu and Kashmir, sikkim, Uttarakhand, climate change, glacier, Glaciologists, Accumulation, correlation, Himalyas, glaciers, geological survey of India, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2319&r=cwa |
| By: | Sunil Mani |
| Abstract: | There is a strong feeling among especially the West that India is becoming very innovative. The study will take the reader through the empirical evidence on whether this is indeed the case since the reform process of 1991. The actual innovative performance of India’s economy since economic liberalization by employing a variety of these indicators is measured. [WP No. 415]. |
| Keywords: | India, economic liberalization, reform, innovative, innovation, R&D, patents, technology balance of payment, high-tech industry, financing of innovation, technical education |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2326&r=cwa |
| By: | Sally Merrill |
| Abstract: | This report summarises findings from the USAID-sponsored project on models of financing for slum upgrading in India, undertaken on behalf of SPARC,a Mumbai-based NGO involved in slum upgrading and the National Housing Bank of India (NHB). This report primarily addresses the following topics: lack of finance for low income housing, lack of participation of banks in construction finance in slum projects, and suggestions for credit enhancements to better leverage subsidies and household contribution. |
| Keywords: | housing, low-income housing, finance, urban housing finance, finance for low income housing, banks in housing finance, slum projects, slum rehabilitation, subsidies, household contribution, household participation,National Housing Bank, SPARC, Mumbai, India, Urban Studies |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2293&r=cwa |
| By: | Duvvuri Subbarao |
| Abstract: | Ills of the banking system that caused the crisis. An extensive analysis of the causes is given. A brief synopsis to provide a backdrop for the ‘boring banking’ discussion is given. [Speech at the International Finance and Banking Conference organized by the Indian Merchants’ Chamber]. |
| Keywords: | banking system, crisis, financial innovation, risk transmission, depositors, commercial, globalisation, financial institutions, markets, India, credit risk, moral hazard services investment |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2307&r=cwa |
| By: | Chakrabarty K C |
| Abstract: | The speech covers the macro setting for GenNext banking by way of discussing the demographic composition of India’s population and the nexus between low dependency ratio and saving. It also provides a projection of Housing and Education Loan requirement in the economy in the next few years. How banks need to emerge GenNext with suitable new schemes and reorientation of their banking activities is also discussed. A discussion on how to facilitate banking in the context of knowledge economy/society is discussed. Certain implications and challenges arising from GenNext banking which need further deliberation are highlightened. [Address at the Panel Discussion on GenNext Banking at the 4th International Finance and Banking Conference organized by the Indian Merchant’s Chamber]. |
| Keywords: | banking, India, youth, young, ratio, saving, housing, education, dependency ratio, economy, society, bancking, demographic composition, population, India, banks, knowledge, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2318&r=cwa |
| By: | H A C Prasad |
| Abstract: | The paper examines the genesis of Climate Change which has been referred to as the defining human development issue of our generation. Also studied is the impact of this problem in the global as well as Indian context. India is not immune from the impact of global warming and climate change. Major international developments related to Climate Change including the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC ), 1992 and Kyoto Protocol are described along with significant meetings like those at Bali and Bangkok and outcomes at these international exchanges. While comparing perspectives of developed and developing countries on Climate Change, a detailed examination is made of the issues involved and India’s view point, especially the arguments for India to take up GHG abatement and our response to each of these at the international forums. [Working Paper No.2/2009-DEA]. |
| Keywords: | climate change, UNFCCC, kyoto protocaol, developing countries, internatinal exchanges, Bali, Bangkok, India, global warming, GHG, policy, environment, sustainable, emission reduction, technologies, technology |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2323&r=cwa |
| By: | Cunningham, Kenda |
| Keywords: | millions fed, food security, Operation flood, Dairy, NDDB, Dairy cooperatives, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:924&r=cwa |
| By: | Pray, Carl E.; Nagarajan, Latha |
| Keywords: | millions fed, food security, Pearl millet, Sorghum, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:919&r=cwa |
| By: | Ila Patnaik |
| Abstract: | China and India have both attempted distorting the exchange rate in order to foster exports-led growth. This is described as the Bretton Woods II framework, where developing countries buy bonds in the US and keep undervalued exchange rates, in order to foster export-led growth. The costs and benefits of this approach need to factor in the extent to which monetary policy is distorted by the pursuit of exchange rate policy. In this paper, dates of structural change are identified, and the characteristics of the de facto exchange rate regime, for both countries are examined. These results utilise recent developments in the econometrics of structural change. Business cycle conditions and the short-term rate (expressed in real terms) in both India and China are also examined. [NIPFP WP No 2009-62]. |
| Keywords: | GDP, RBI, indian, exports, china, India, exchange rte, bretton woods, US, monetary policy, developing countries, de facto, business cycle, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2321&r=cwa |
| By: | Madhav Badami |
| Abstract: | Indian cities are characterised by rapid growth in human as well as motor vehicle populations. Although the poor benefit the least from motor vehicle activity, they bear the brunt of its impacts. The policy challenge is, how to fulfill mass mobility needs, while minimizing these adverse impacts. But while the need to meet this and other urban challenges grows ever more urgent, Indian cities face severe resource constraints. The paper addresses the question of how to meet this policy challenge, given the realities of the Indian context. [Paper at the Forum on Urban Infrastructure and Public Service Delivery for the Urban PoorOrganized by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and National Institute of Urban Affairs June 24-25, 2004.] |
| Keywords: | urban poor, delivery of services, needs, policy, transportation, motor vehicles,environmental impact, New Dlehi, India, Urban Studies |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2310&r=cwa |
| By: | CARE CARE |
| Abstract: | This document highlights the results and associated processes from Chayan’s implementation experience under the RACHNA program. The programmatic framework, designed for low-prevalence contexts in India, draws on standard targeted intervention approaches but is grounded in community-based methods unique to local contexts. The fi ndings from the Behavior Surveillance Survey (BSS) conducted by CARE in 2006 and the external review indicate encouraging results as compared to BSS in 2003. [CARE Wp no. 9]. |
| Keywords: | behavior, India, HIV, prevention, community- based methods, local, NGO, mobilization, epidemic, AIDS, women, child development, girl's education, infrastructure, health, vulnerable states |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2297&r=cwa |
| By: | Preet Rustagi |
| Abstract: | In this paper the diverse dimensions of gender development are examined using individual indicators for the districts of the western region of India. The western region for the purpose of this study covers the five states of Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. Using a selected set of indicators, the levels of women’s development in demographic, educational, health-related, socio-cultural and economic spheres are identified. The methodology used is a simple ranking exercise that highlights relative levels of development or backwardness. [CWDS] |
| Keywords: | Chattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, women, development, western region, India, gender neutrality, welfare, institutions, demographic, educational, health, socio-cultural, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, economic |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2304&r=cwa |
| By: | Bibi ishrat Jahan |
| Abstract: | The objective of the study is to find out the primary reason to encourage public private participation in health care delivery system in Uttar Pradesh and the study also aim to analyse UPHSDP -a World Bank project. |
| Keywords: | public, private, participation, health care delivery system, uttar pradesh, world bank, PPP, mortality rates, birth rates, india, health indicators, HDI, infant mortality rates, Expenditure, income, Infrastructure, male female, PHCs, hospitals, dispensaries, states, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2330&r=cwa |
| By: | Prachi Shukla |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses issues related to public private partnerships that can enable delivery of comprehensive health care to rural communities. |
| Keywords: | public, private, government, sector, PPP, primary, health care, rural communities, Himachal Pradesh, Goa, vaccines, MDG, India, expenditure, Tamil Nadu, women, children, hospital, population, family planning |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2305&r=cwa |
| By: | Samrat Sinha |
| Abstract: | Composite Report on the Pilot Visit to Severely Affected Areas of Mahbubnagar District of Andhra Pradesh |
| Keywords: | andhr pradesh, pilot visit, Mahbubnagar , floods, Sunderban, India, humanitarian, data, crop, damage, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2325&r=cwa |
| By: | Jain, Tarun; Narayan, Tulika |
| Abstract: | We address the challenge of designing performance-based incentive schemes for schoolteachers. When teachers specialize in different subjects in the presence of social prejudice, performance based pay which depends on the average of student performance can cause teachers to coordinate their effort in high status students and away from low status students. Laboratory experiments conducted in India with future teachers as subjects show that performance-based pay causes teachers to decrease effort in low caste Hindu students compared to upper caste Hindu or Muslim students. We observe greater effort and lower intra-class variation when teachers are penalized if students receive zero scores. |
| Keywords: | Teacher incentives; Laboratory experiments; Coordination games; Discrimination |
| JEL: | I28 J15 C91 I22 |
| Date: | 2009–10–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:18672&r=cwa |
| By: | Debashish Sen |
| Abstract: | The objective of the study is to undertake watershed based planning for integrated community management of natural resources for livelihood security. Separate studies were done in Nepal and in Uttarakhand state of India to gain insights into the integrated management of natural resources. Each study included the following activities: (a) An analysis of the existing legal, policy, and institutional frameworks and alternatives and (b) Assessment of the local resource base, its management and relationship to local livelihoods. This paper presents the results of the institutional assessment. The paper provides insights into the constraining factors in the operation of the institutions and makes recommendations for changes in the institutional framework and policies for integrated resource management. |
| Keywords: | institutional, India, resources, community management, natural resources, Uttarkhand, institutions, livelihoods, villages |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2329&r=cwa |
| By: | Amita Shah |
| Abstract: | This paper tries to look into the status of poverty and multiple deprivations among tribal communities in the state and explores policy options for strengthening their livelihoods through a combination of forest and nonforest based interventions. |
| Keywords: | population, resources, food items, correlation, Employment, households, forest, Migrant Workers, India, Occupation, opportunities, strategies, Livelihood, poverty, tribals, gujarat, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2315&r=cwa |
| By: | Romina Boarini (OFCE - Observatoire Français des Conjonctures économiques - Observatoire Français des Conjonctures économiques); Jean-François Laslier (Département d'Economie, Ecole Polytechnique - Ecole Polytechnique); Stéphane Robin (GATE - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - CNRS : UMR5824 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the experimental results of a “Transcontinental Ultimatum Game” implemented between India and France. The bargaining took the form of standard ultimatum games, but in one treatment Indian subjects made offers to French subjects and, in another treatment, French subjects made offers to Indian subjects. We observed that French→Indian bargaining mostly ended up with unequal splits of money in favour of French, while nearly equal splits were the most frequent outcome in Indian→French interactions. The experimental results are organized through a standard social reference model, modified for taking into account the different marginal value of money for bargainers. In our model bargaining is driven by relative standings comparisons between players, occurring in terms of real earnings (that is monetary earnings corrected for a purchasing power factor) obtained in the game. The norm of equity behind the equalization of real earnings is called local equity norm, and contrasted to a global equity norm which would encompass the wealth of players beyond the game. According to what we observed, no beyond-game concern seems to be relevantly endorsed by subjects. |
| Keywords: | Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility; Fairness; Bargaining experiment; Ultimatum Game |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00435110_v1&r=cwa |
| By: | Chetan Vaidya |
| Abstract: | The Government has launched a reform-linked urban investment programme, JNNURM. The paper has analysed urban trends, projected population, service delivery, institutional arrangements, municipal finances, innovative financing, and suggests that India’s future strategy should focus on: (a) inter-government transfers with built-in incentives to improve performance; (b) capacity building of ULBs; (c) investments on asset creation as well as management; (d)integrate urban transport with land use planning; (e) integrate various urban development and related programmes at local, state and national levels; (f) strengthen urban institutions and clarify roles of different organisations; (g) second generation of urban reforms should further focus on regulation, innovative financing and PPP, and climate change initiatives; and (h) different approach of supporting reform-linked investments needed for different states based on level of urbanisation. [Ministry of Finance WP] |
| Keywords: | JNNURM, urban renewal programme, urban trends, urban transport, transportation, urban development, climate change, PPPs, private-public partnerships, Urban Studies, urbanisation |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2311&r=cwa |
| By: | Parthapratim Pal |
| Abstract: | The paper points out that some provisions of the framework will allow developed countries to maintain and, in some cases, even increase domestic farm support and still remain WTO-compliant. In most cases, though, the July Framework only provides broad guidelines and leaves the field open for specific modalities of subsidy reduction to be decided through negotiations. For this reason, it is important that developing countries thoroughly understand the issues that are up for negotiation. [WP, Hong Kong Series 2] |
| Keywords: | Agricultural, World Trade Organisation, Uruguay Round, weath, European Union, EU, MDG, India, rice, exports, farmers, developed countries, domestic farm, WTO, subsidy, negotiations, developing, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2306&r=cwa |
| By: | Vimala Ramachandran |
| Abstract: | This document is at the behest of KMVS and is an effort to hold up a mirror to their journey. It is a documentation of their history, context, evolution, and experiences since its emergence in 1989. Additionally, it is also an attempt to critically foreground and map out the conceptual ruminations relating to gender, development, empowerment, and participation that frame KMVS’s processes and strategies. |
| Keywords: | justice, equality, voluntary sectors, labour, human rights, india, political parties, NGOs, tradition, political economy, Kutch, civil society, development, women, community, governance, development, gender, empowerment, history, management |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2322&r=cwa |