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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Indu Rao |
| Abstract: | This paper presents summary of findings from research conducted in the Indian diamond industry over a period of last four years. Insights about the remarkable rise, growth and the unique working of the industry is given. A case study of a 40 years old large- sized CPD unit to help gain further understanding of the Indian diamond industry is also done. |
| Keywords: | Indian, diamond industry, research, Incredible Growth, India, GLOBAL TURMOIL |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2280&r=cwa |
| By: | Sreelekha Nair |
| Abstract: | This joint paper attempts an unusual collaborative approach that offers an understanding of the problems that registered nurses of India have faced. Through this paper, the problem of ‘social status’ in both historical and contemporary landscapes, representing a relatively rare attempt to bridge the gap between studies of the institutions of colonial society, and studies of the current fortunes of their post-colonial inheritors are located. [CWDS]. |
| Keywords: | social status, Indian, registered nurses, India, historical, contemporary, colonial society, inheritors, institutions, women professionals, teachers, nursing education, young institution, lower middle-class women, labour, nursing, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2277&r=cwa |
| By: | Guillaume Gruère |
| Abstract: | This brief summarizes a study evaluating the potential economic effects of introducing genetically modified (GM) food crops in India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the presence of trade regulations. [IFPRI Brief No.13] |
| Keywords: | genetically modified, GM, food crops, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines, trade regulations, economic effects, TRADE, international trade, productivity gains, commercial, rice, wheat, exports |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2282&r=cwa |
| By: | Government of India Ministry of Women and Child Development |
| Abstract: | Gender-related Development Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) developed by UNDP need to be recast to realistically capture the gender gaps in development and empowerment in the Third World. These indices have been developed from a northern perspective, and do not incorporate the perspective of the south. How can we recast GDI and GEM to make them meaningful for India within the limitations of data availability? Can GDI and GEM become effective instruments for building gender equity? |
| Keywords: | UNDP, gender, development index, empowerment, index, third world, south, data availability, equity, northern, India, Human Development Index (HDI), Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), economic resources, women, men, resources, child development, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2279&r=cwa |
| By: | Desai, Sameeksha (University of Missouri Kansas City); Eklund, Johan E. (Ratio Institute); Högberg, Andreas (Jönköping International Business School) |
| Abstract: | The government of India initiated pro-market reforms in the 1990s, after almost five decades of socialist planning. These and subsequent policy reforms are credited as the drivers of India’s radical economic transformation. Prior to reforms, private investment was strictly regulated and restricted to certain areas and sectors. There have since been numerous changes in sectors important for investment, which should lead to changes in outcomes of firm-level strategic decision making and investment behavior. By most estimates, India will continue to grow. The purpose of this paper is to investigate changes in investment behavior from the introduction of reforms to current conditions. Reforms changed several institutional frameworks for firm operations, allowing firms to pursue more competitive strategies. Given the importance of ownership in determining firm efficiency and access to capital, we examine the effect of ownership on the performance of Indian firms for the period 1991-2006. We also examine industry differences in capital allocation. We compute a measure of investment efficiency derived from the accelerator principle: Elasticity of capital with respect to output. We examine the effect of various ownership structures on investment behavior and the efficiently of capital allocation across different sectors of the economy. We find that the allocation of capital has been slow to respond to reforms, indicating similar pace of firm responses. |
| Keywords: | allocation of capital; India; institutional reforms; ownership |
| JEL: | E22 E23 E44 G18 G20 L50 |
| Date: | 2009–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0146&r=cwa |
| By: | William Joe |
| Abstract: | Migration decisions to urban areas that are backed by economic rationale and attempts to understand gains accruing to individuals from migration, in terms of poverty outcomes are analysed. The analysis is based on the 55th round survey data on Employment - Unemployment Survey 1999-2000 (EUS) provided by the National Sample Survey Organisation. A broad descriptive socio-economic profiling of the migrant households in urban India and explore the dynamics of poverty among interstate as well as intrastate migrants to urban destinations are undertaken. [WP 414]. |
| Keywords: | migration, urban areas, economic, developing countries individuals, poverty, employment, Unemployment Survey, socio-economic, migrant, households, India, urban, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2287&r=cwa |
| By: | Borooah, Vani; Do, Quy-Toan; Iyer, Sriya; Joshi, Shareen |
| Abstract: | The authors use recent data from the 2006 National Family Health Survey of India to explore the relationship between religion and demographic behavior. They find that fertility and mortality vary not only between religious groups, but also across caste groups. These groups also differ with respect to socio-economic status. The central finding of this paper is that despite their socio-economic disadvantages, Muslims have higher fertility than their Hindu counterparts and also exhibit lower levels of infant mortality (particularly female infant mortality). This effect is robust to the inclusion of controls for non-religious factors such as socio-economic status and area of residence. This result has important policy implications because it suggests that India's problem of"missing women"may be concentrated in particular groups. The authors conclude that religion and caste play a key role in determining the demographic characteristics of India. |
| Keywords: | Population Policies,Gender and Law,Gender and Health,Adolescent Health,Population&Development |
| Date: | 2009–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5096&r=cwa |
| By: | Anand Kumar |
| Abstract: | Political sociology of poverty requires an analysis of the relationship between the political, economic and socio-cultural actors, institutions and processes in the context of poverty. It assumes that poverty is a complex and cumulative consequence of power relations over a period of time between groups within a region and between regions in the modern world system. [CPRC Working Paper 3]. |
| Keywords: | poverty, regions, power relations, political, sociology, economic, population, rural India, socio-cultural, actors, institutions, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2275&r=cwa |
| By: | Basudha Chattopadhyay |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at discussing some of the important issues relating to sustainable urban form that would lead to sustainable urban development with possible references to India. The paper is based on available literature and secondary data. The study discusses the compact city debate and next it explains the concept and possibilities of multi-modal urban region as a city form. [Discussion Paper No.5] |
| Keywords: | sustainable, urban, development, India, secondary data, city, region, population, social infrastructure, transportation, employment, shelter, basic services, Millennium Development Goals, climate change, environmental, social, equity |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2289&r=cwa |
| By: | Chittedi, Krishna Reddy |
| Abstract: | In a country like India where the stock market is undergoing significant transformation with liberalization measures, and the analysis of the nature of integration with other developed and emerging markets would not only give an idea of the possible gains to be reaped out of portfolio diversification from Indian market, but may also provide some indication of the vulnerability of the country’s stock market in case of a regional financial crisis and consequent reversal of capital flows from the region. In the context the study examined the integration of the stock market among the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) economies in general and their integration with the developed countries stock markets such as US, UK and Japan, which can be analyzed by using the Granger causality, Johansen co integration and Error correction Mechanism methodology, based on daily data for the period January1998- Aug 2009. The results of co integration shows co integration relationship found between BRIC countries and Developed countries namely USA, UK and Japan. The results of Error correction model reveal that Sensex, Nikki225, moscowtimes, FTSE 100, and Bovespa are significant. It implies that these markets share the forces of short run adjustment to long run equilibrium. |
| Keywords: | Stock Market integration; Johansen Julius co integration test; ECM; Engel Granger Casualty test; emerging countries; developed countries |
| JEL: | F30 G15 |
| Date: | 2009–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:18602&r=cwa |
| By: | Ram Singh |
| Abstract: | Various issues related to delays and cost overruns in publically funded infrastructure projects are investigated. The study is based on, by far, the largest data-set of 850 projects across seventeen infrastructure sectors. The focus is on the causal factors behind time and cost overruns. [CDE WP No. 181]. |
| Keywords: | time, sectors, India, economic, political, public goods, privatization, supply, servicesDelays, Cost Overruns, Time Overruns, Infrastructure, Projects, Causes, Contractual Failures, Organizational Failures, Institutional Failures |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2281&r=cwa |
| By: | Saradindu Bhaduri; Hemant Kumar |
| Abstract: | Extrinsic motivations like intellectual property protections and fiscal incentives continue to occupy the centre stage in debates on innovation policies. Joseph Schumpeter had, however, argued that the motive to accumulate private property can only explain part of innovative activities. In his view, "the joy of creating, of getting things done" associated with the behavioural traits that "seek out difficulties…and takes delight in ventures" stand out as the most independent factor of behaviour in explaining the process of economic development, especially in early capitalist societies. Taking the case of 'grassroot' innovators in India, we re-examine the motivations behind innovative behaviour. We draw upon the literature on effectance motivation theory to construct operational indicators of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. Interestingly, we find that pure extrinsic forms of motivation drive only a fraction of individual innovative behaviour. Also, importance of intrinsic motivation in guiding innovative behaviour is found to high when uncertainty is high. We accordingly draw a few policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Motivation, Grassroot Innovation, India Length 29 pages |
| Date: | 2009–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esi:evopap:2009-12&r=cwa |
| By: | Akash Acharya |
| Abstract: | The Chiranjeevi Yojna is considered to be a successful PPP model and has also received a prestigious Asian Innovations Award by the Wall Street Journal. It is a flagship scheme of the Gujarat state ministry of health and family welfare and is being recommended for up scaling-up at the national level. It has been claimed by the government that maternal as well as neonatal deaths have been substantially reduced under the scheme. |
| Keywords: | maternal, neonatal deaths, India, scheme, chiranjeevi yojana, PPP model, asian, gujarat, health, family welfare, national level, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2285&r=cwa |
| By: | Allen, Robert C.; Bassino, Jean-Pascal; Ma, Debin; Moll-Murata, Christine; Zanden, Jan Luiten van |
| Abstract: | The paper develops data on the history of wages and prices in Beijing, Canton, Suzhou/Shanghai in China from the eighteenth century to the twentieth and compare them with leading cities in Europe, Japan and India in terms of nominal wages, the cost of living, and the standard of living. In the eighteenth century, the real income of building workers in Asia was similar to that of workers in the backward parts of Europe but far behind that in the leading economies in northwestern Europe. Real wages declined in China in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and rose slowly in the late nineteenth and early twentieth with little cumulative change for two hundred years. The income disparities of the early twentieth century were due to long run stagnation in China combined with industrialization in Japan and Europe. |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hitcei:2009-03&r=cwa |
| By: | Gauri, Varun |
| Abstract: | Public interest litigation has historically been an innovative judicial procedure for enhancing the social and economic rights of disadvantaged and marginalized groups in India. In recent years, however, a number of criticisms of public interest litigation have emerged, including concerns related to separation of powers, judicial capacity, and inequality. These criticisms have tended to abstraction, and the sheer number of cases has complicated empirical assessments. This paper finds that public interest litigation cases constitute less than 1 percent of the overall case load. The paper argues that complaints related to concerns having to do with separation of powers are better understood as criticisms of the impact of judicial interventions on sector governance. On the issue of inequality, the analysis finds that win rates for fundamental rights claims are significantly higher when the claimant is from an advantaged social group than when he or she is from a marginalized group, which constitutes a social reversal, both from the original objective of public interest litigation and from the relative win rates in the 1980s. |
| Keywords: | Gender and Law,Judicial System Reform,Human Rights,Information Security&Privacy,Legal Institutions of the Market Economy |
| Date: | 2009–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5109&r=cwa |
| By: | Djavad Salehi-Isfahani; Insan Tunali; Ragui Assaad |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a comparative study of private returns to schooling of urban men in Egypt, Iran, and Turkey using similar survey data and a uniform methodology. We employ three surveys for each country that span nearly two decades, from the 1980s to 2006, and, to increase the comparability of the estimates across surveys, we focus on urban men 20-54 years old and in full time wage and salary employment. Our aim is to learn how the monetary signals of rewards that guide individual decisions to invest in education are shaped by the institutions of education and labor markets in these countries. Our estimates generally support the stylized facts of the institutions of education and labor markets in Middle Eastern countries. Their labor markets have been described as dominated by the public sector and therefore relatively inflexible, and their education systems as more focused on secondary and tertiary degrees than teaching practical and productive skills. Returns in all countries are increasing in years of schooling, which is contrary to the Mincer assumption of linear returns but consistent with overemphasis on secondary and tertiary degrees. Low returns to vocational training relative to general upper secondary, which have been observed in many developing countries, are observed in Egypt and Iran, but not Turkey. This pattern of returns across countries seems to correspond to how students are selected into vocational and general upper secondary tracks, which is an important part of the education institutions of these countries, and the fact that Turkey’s economy is more open than the other two. Greater competitiveness in all three countries over time seems to have increased returns to university education and in few cases to vocational education, but not to general high school. |
| Keywords: | Egypt, Iran, Turkey, returns to education, Mincer equation, labor market institutions, education institutions, labor market flexibility |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vpi:wpaper:e07-17&r=cwa |