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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | M Dattatreyulu |
| Abstract: | Assesses India's export potential of fruits and vegetables in fresh form. Schemes from horticulture boards in different states have been reported. [NABARD OC Paper No. 6]. |
| Keywords: | seasons, India, export potential, fruits, vegetables, horticulture, flowers, production, apples, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2239&r=cwa |
| By: | Umamaheswari L |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the external cost of shrimp-induced salinity on crop production by comparing two villages in southern India: Poovam, which is affected by salinity, with Thiruvettakudy, which is not. To identify the study villages help of a local NGO was sought and traversed the coastal stretches of Nagapattinam and Karaikal, which together form a major shrimp farming belt on the Coromandel coast. The villages of Chandrapadi in Nagapattinam were chosen as study villages. [SANDEE] |
| Keywords: | paddy, villages, shrimp, crop production, southern India, villagers, south India, NGO, CObb Douglas specification, farms, production functions, farmers, productivity, land, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2242&r=cwa |
| By: | sarvalingam, a; sivakumar, marimuthu |
| Abstract: | In India, Economic Reforms has been explicitly started in 1991. Even with some controversy in the initial period now it intruded in almost all the sectors. At present days economic reforms is mingled with every sphere of economic activities. But the effects of economic reforms are highly debatable.Social sector is an important ingredient for over all development of a country. Development of social sector reveals the standard of living of people as well as the volume and potential of human resource in a country. Hence the analysis of economic reforms and its impact on social sector is imperative. This paper analysis poverty and health status during pre-reforms and post-reforms periods and compare them to find out that during which period the decrease in poverty and the increase in health status are better. For the analysis of poverty, people living below poverty line and for health status analysis life expectancy at birth and infant mortality are used in this study. |
| Keywords: | Economic Reforms; Social Sector; Poverty; Health; Below Poverty Line; Life Expectancy at Birth; Infant Mortality Rate; India. |
| JEL: | I3 I38 D60 I10 I1 |
| Date: | 2009–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:17816&r=cwa |
| By: | Ranjit Devraj |
| Abstract: | Kerala will be in trouble if India signs FTA with ASEAN which comprises Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. ASEAN already has FTAs with three other dialogue partners — China, Japan and South Korea. It will hit the livelihood of 2 million fishmen and families Kerala. If the FTA goes goes through, pepper may cease to be produced in Kerala, the land where it originated. |
| Keywords: | pepper, Kerala, India, ASEAN, China, south korea, japan, FTAs, free trade agreements, Indonesia, fishermen, fisheries, Thailand, coconut farmers, rubber, tea, coffee, productivity, labor costs, vietnam, cops, economy, food security, inputs |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2238&r=cwa |
| By: | Child Rights and You CRY |
| Abstract: | This concept papers aims at demystifying some of these social, economic and political myths, and stimulate discussion, debate and deliberation on various aspects of child labour. This paper, further, has two functions, one, it provides a background to the national child labour research; and two, as a prelude to the policy paper on child labour, this will be a working paper for facilitating a framework on the contending aspects of the issue, and the implementation of good practices. |
| Keywords: | social, economic, political myths, childhood, adult, India, NSSO, adulthood status, India, child labout, research, deliberation, debate, national |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2236&r=cwa |
| By: | Vimal Trivedi |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the evaluation study of door-to-door Garbage Collection (DDGC) program carried out by the Centre for Social Studies, Surat in 2005. The study was based on the information gathered from 4000 respondents drawn from a cross section of society and interviews with the respective officers, contractors and labourers. It also examined the process of actual transfer of solid waste from the generator to the collector and people’s attitude and perception regarding practices of garbage collection and disposal. [Working Paper No.7]. |
| Keywords: | garbage collection, disposal, surat, labourers, society, contractors, Municipal Solid Waste, Bio Medical Waste, Hazardous Waste, Ragpickers, Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC), India |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2234&r=cwa |
| By: | Anthony B. Atkinson; Thomas Piketty; Emmanuel Saez |
| Abstract: | This paper summarizes the main findings of a recent literature that has constructed top income shares time series over the long-run for more than 20 countries using income tax statistics. Top incomes represent a small share of the population but a very significant share of total income and total taxes paid. Hence, aggregate economic growth per capita and Gini inequality indexes are very sensitive to excluding or including top incomes. We discuss the estimation methods and issues that arise when constructing top income share series, including income definition and comparability over time and across countries, tax avoidance and tax evasion. We provide a summary of the key empirical findings. Most countries experience a dramatic drop in top income shares in the first part of the 20th century in general due to shocks to top capital incomes during the wars and depression shocks. Top income shares do not recover in the immediate post war decades. However, over the last 30 years, top income shares have increased substantially in English speaking countries and in India and China but not in continental Europe countries or Japan. This increase is due in part to an unprecedented surge in top wage incomes. As a result, wage income comprises a larger fraction of top incomes than in the past. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and empirical models that have been proposed to account for the facts and the main questions that remain open. |
| JEL: | H2 N10 O15 |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:15408&r=cwa |
| By: | Ratnawali Sinha |
| Abstract: | The health status of the rural population from a study carried out in ten villages of Bharuch district in South Gujarat is presented. The objective is to i) understand and document the morbidity profile, ii) examine utilisation of health services, and iii) estimate approximate expenses on health care by the rural households. |
| Keywords: | health status, rural population, villages, morbidity, househols, utilisation, services, infrastructurs, area, population, Rural health services, Primary, Health Centre, Sub Centres, Morbidity, Major illness, Minor, illness, Out of pocket expenditure, on health, Mobilisation of finance, gujarat, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:2237&r=cwa |
| By: | Mst. Meherunnahar (Coastal and Bio-diversity Project, Department of Environment (DoE)); D. N. R. Paul (Atish Dipankar University of Science & Technology (ADUST)) |
| Abstract: | Brinjal, also known as eggplant and aubergine, is Bangladesh’s third most important vegetable in terms of both yield and area cultivated. It is only surpassed by potatoes and onions. However, the yield of brinjal could be much higher would it not be decimated by the brinjal shoot and fruit borer, which is the most destructive insect pest in South and South East Asia. Genetically modified brinjal (Bt brinjal) has the potential to bump up agricultural productivity in Bangladesh and other countries. This paper provides a brief overview of Bangladesh’s vegetable sector and reviews the key issues of introducing Bt brinjal in Bangladesh. It summarizes the results of recent research undertaken in Bangladesh on the environmental safety of Bt brinjal and concludes that Bt brinjal could make a significant contribution to Bangladesh’s agricultural sector and more broadly, Bangladesh’s economy and living standards. |
| Keywords: | brinjal, GM food, agriculture, Bangladesh, eggplant |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bnr:wpaper:9&r=cwa |
| By: | Ahmed Mohamed Badreldin (Faculty of Management Technology, The German University in Cairo) |
| Abstract: | One consequence of the current financial crisis is that many countries began to reevaluate their financial systems and recognize its flaws and drawbacks. They also began the search for alternative systems for their economies; one of the proposed systems is the current Islamic financial model. This model is still in its infancy and many modifications and additions are required. It also lacks the necessary financial performance measurement tools similar to those used by conventional banks for managers and investors alike. This paper evaluates this lack of performance measures. It then adapts a currently applied ROE Analysis Tool used in conventional banks, to the currently established model of Islamic Banks and tests its applicability and evaluates its usefulness. The findings suggest that such an adapted model would be quite successful for use in Islamic banks and would offer much better analysis and basis of comparison within the Islamic financial system. It also suggests that much of the previously measured performance of Islamic Banks is unsound and should be revised for accuracy and reliability because of the flawed methods used for measurement in the first place. |
| Keywords: | Performance measurement, ratio analysis, ROE, Islamic banks |
| JEL: | G21 G29 |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:guc:wpaper:16&r=cwa |
| By: | Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov (The Ratio Institute); Hellström, Jörgen (Department of Economics, Umeå University); Landström, Mats (Department of Economics, University of Gävle) |
| Abstract: | This paper is a first empirical attempt to investigate why politicians around the world have chosen to give up power to independent central banks, thereby reducing their ability to fine-tune the economy. A new data-set covering 132 countries, of which 89 countries had implemented such reforms, was collected. Politicians in non-OECD countries were more likely to delegate power to independent central banks if their country has been characterized by a high variability in historical inflation and if they faced a high probability of being replaced. No such effects were found for OECD-countries. |
| Keywords: | inflation; institutional reforms; monetary policy; time-inconsistency |
| JEL: | E52 E58 P48 |
| Date: | 2009–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0143&r=cwa |
| By: | Kayam, Saime Suna |
| Abstract: | Outward foreign direct investments (FDI) from developing countries and transition economies have picked up in the last decade. This study examines the home country factors that determine the outward foreign investments from 65 developing and transition countries in the period 2000-2006. The main hypothesis tested is that the small market size, trade conditions, costs of production and local business conditions are the main drivers of outward FDI. In order to examine the effects of these factors, the fixed effects estimation technique is employed using variables that measure income, trade, infrastructure, labour market conditions and economic stability. Proxies for the institutional environment such as bureacracy, corruption, investment risk are also used to reflect both the political and economic push factors on FDI. The preliminary findings reveal that outward FDI from developing countries increases with foreign competition in the domestic market augmented by inward FDI. As government stability, investment profile and bureaucracy quality in the home country improves, outflows of capital decreases. In other words, developing country transnational corporations are formed as a result of escape response from the economic and political conditions in the home countries. |
| Keywords: | outward FDI; push factors; developing countries |
| JEL: | F23 C23 F21 |
| Date: | 2009–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:16781&r=cwa |
| By: | Libman, Alexander |
| Abstract: | The paper considers the problem of the integration of markets in Central Asia as a main factor of economic modernization. It first identifies the potential channels of reduction of transaction costs barriers between countries (“models of integration”). Second, it looks at the emergence of these channels, and identifies two main puzzles: success of centralization in individual countries vs. failing international cooperation among them and successful informal cooperation of companies and trade networks vs. deficits of intergovernmental concerted actions. Third, it looks at the impact of the relative success of emerging models of market integration for the balance of power in Central Asia. |
| Keywords: | Central Asia; regionalization; regionalism; decentralization |
| JEL: | F15 P26 |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:17510&r=cwa |
| By: | Silvia Rashad Gad Tadros (Faculty of Management Technology, The German University in Cairo) |
| Abstract: | The free market economy most countries pursue nowadays is never entirely free from government intervention. Policy makers devote special attention to the regulation of financial markets and with the current financial crisis, the quality of the banking regulations need to be reconsidered. This paper aims to provide a tool to measure the quality of banking regulation and supervision. This is usually a difficult task because it is a qualitative analysis and is arbitrary. However, a regulation index has been modelled that is similar to the concept of a cost-benefit analysis. The input index resembles the cost signifying the efforts made by governments and supervisors to measure the intensity of the regulation. The output index resembles the benefit which shows the outcome of the governments’ efforts. Finally, applying this index on Egypt filled a research gap in this area. |
| Keywords: | Banking regulation, Quality index, Egypt |
| JEL: | G28 G21 L51 |
| Date: | 2009–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:guc:wpaper:17&r=cwa |