|
on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Bino Paul G.D |
| Abstract: | This is the first Bi-annual India Labour Market Report, published by Adecco TISS Labour Market Research Initiatives. The exploration of emerging issues in Indian labour market through the ATLMRI discussion paper series, consisting of eight discussion papers on themes such as employment, employability, labour law, and educational attainment, has provided useful cues about contemporary issues in Indian labour market. A felt need was for a more comprehensive report on emerging aspects of Indian labour market. Thus, the idea of India Labour Market was born. |
| Keywords: | labouar market, labour, employment, employability, law, educational attainment, ATLMRI, ADDECO, Addeco, Labour Studies, India, TISS |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1943&r=cwa |
| By: | Raghav Gaiha; Vani Kulkarni; Manoj Pandey; Katsushi Imai |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:man:sespap:0908&r=cwa |
| By: | Barry Eichengreen |
| Abstract: | This paper will hopefully provide an important methodological tool for all researchers who may be attempting to analyze and explain the growth of the service sector and its share in the Indian GDP over the past decades. [ICRIER WP no. 235]. |
| Keywords: | India, regressions, middle income, democratic, urbanization, service sector, GDP, Indian, per capita income, banking, insurance, financial services, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1934&r=cwa |
| By: | Sinha, Pankaj; Taneja, Varundeep Singh; Gothi, Vineet |
| Abstract: | Recently, a lot of questions were raised about the financial health of commercial banks in India. This paper analyzes the Indian banks' riskiness and the probability of book-value insolvency under the framework developed by Hannan and Hanweck (1988). A risk index, known as Z score, for Global Trust Bank that became insolvent in 2004 suggests that the framework developed by Hannan and Hanweck (1988) is also relevant in the Indian context. For a random sample of 15 Indian Banks (public & private sector), we determine the riskiness/probability of book value insolvency over the years and also carry out a relative comparison between public and private sector banks in India. Results obtained in the study show that the probability of book value insolvency of Indian Banks has reduced over years and the probability of book value insolvency is lower in case of public sector banks in comparison to private sector banks. |
| Keywords: | Riskiness; insolvency; Z-statistic |
| JEL: | E58 O16 |
| Date: | 2009–05–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15251&r=cwa |
| By: | Rakesh Basant |
| Abstract: | A brief but comprehensive overview of linkages between higher education and the high tech sector and study the major linkages in India is provided. It is found that the links outside of the labor market are weak. This is attributed to a regulatory structure that separates research from the university and discourages good faculty from joining, which erodes the quality of the intellectual capital necessary to generate new knowledge. [IIMA WP No. 2009-05-01]. |
| Keywords: | education, high-tech industry, capital, intellectual, labour market, research, university, faculty, Patenting, India, research output |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1935&r=cwa |
| By: | Raghav Gaiha; Vani S. Kulkarni; Manoj K. Pandey; Katsushi S. Imai |
| Abstract: | The objective of this analysis is mainly to construct an intuitive measure of the performance of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in India -a nation-wide poverty alleviation programme which was introduced in 2005. The focus is on excess demand at the district level. Some related issues addressed are (i) whether excess demand responds to poverty, and (ii) whether recent hikes in NREGS wages are inflationary. Our analysis confirms responsiveness of excess demand to poverty. Also, apprehensions expressed about the inflationary potential of recent hikes in NREGS wages have been confirmed. More importantly, higher NREGS wages are likely to undermine self-selection of the poor in it. So, in order to realise the poverty reducing potential of this scheme, a policy imperative is to ensure a speedier matching of demand and supply in districts that are highly poverty prone, as also to avoid the trade-offs between poverty reduction and inflation. |
| Keywords: | Employment Guarantee, NREGS, wages, demand, supply, poverty, prices, India |
| JEL: | C21 I30 I38 J48 O12 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:asarcc:2009-03&r=cwa |
| By: | Jan Swasthya Abhiyan JSS |
| Abstract: | In this article hard realities of people’s health in India today, and some of the maladies of recent health policies are examined. This is followed by core recommendations to strengthen and reorient the health system so as to ensure quality health care for all. The political parties can include these in their election manifestos for the upcoming general election as a demonstration of their commitment to public health. Jan Swasthya Abhiyan, looks forward to such a commitment from all political forces in the country. |
| Keywords: | political parties, medical education, child, India, china, infant mortality, NFHS, vaccination coverage, health, policies, system, election manifestos, care, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1933&r=cwa |
| By: | Lalitha N |
| Abstract: | Medicines are important in curing and preventing diseases, and hence, the ultimate goal of `Health for All’ cannot be achieved if people do not have adequate access to essential drugs. Evidences show that substantial savings can be achieved by improving the selection and quantification of drug requirements through the use of essential drug lists and by purchasing drugs competitively. In India, though there exists a national drug list, different states have their own list of state formulary which may or may not necessarily be based on the list of essential drugs. A few state governments in India have their formulary based on the list of essential drugs. The state government of Tamil Nadu besides adopting a list of essential drugs has also streamlined the procurement and distribution of the same which is being looked upon as a model by other state governments. This paper details the procedures adopted by the Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation in procuring and supplying essential drugs to the government health care which is a positive measure in ensuring `health for all’. [GIDR WP NO 161] |
| Keywords: | Essential drugs; WHO; Public health services;Tamil Nadu; inequity; globalisation; structural adjustment programmes; nutrition;education; Central medical stores |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1940&r=cwa |
| By: | Raghav Gaiha; Vani S. Kulkarni; Manoj K. Pandey; Katsushi S. Imai |
| Abstract: | Despite accelerated growth there is pervasive hunger, child undernutrition and mortality. Our analysis focuses on their determinants. Raising living standards alone will not reduce hunger and undernutrition. Reduction of rural/urban disparities, income inequality, consumer price stabilisation, mothers’ literacy have all roles of varying importance in different nutrition indicators. Somewhat surprisingly, PDS does not have a significant effect on any of them. Generally, child undernutrition and mortality rise with poverty. Our analysis confirms that media exposure triggers public action, and helps avert child undernutrition and mortality. Drastic reduction of economic inequality is in fact key to averting child mortality. |
| Keywords: | Hunger, underweight, child mortality, prices, inequality, literacy, India |
| JEL: | I10 I31 I32 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:asarcc:2009-04&r=cwa |
| By: | Hemanshu Kumar |
| Abstract: | The Indian states have been the standard unit of analysis for research on India that uses official data sources. For many empirical questions, states are a natural starting point because state governments set political agendas and budgets and administer a wide range of services. In addition, the boundaries of many states have been unchanged for over half a century and those of all major states were largely unchanged between 1971 and 2000. This stability has resulted in the relatively easy construction and use of panel data sets at the state level and these data have been used to ask a variety of questions relating to the e ectiveness of public policy. The purpose of this paper is to provide data on the composition of all Indian districts over the 1971-2001 period that can enable the construction of district panels.[CDE DSE WP NO 176] |
| Keywords: | Census; disaggregated district data; child populations; literate population; Equivalence Table of Administrative Divisions; National Sample Survey; National Family Health Survey; error free panels; Intercensal Boundary Changes |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1947&r=cwa |
| By: | K. Sundaram |
| Abstract: | This paper offers a review of the concepts and definitions used in the NSS Employment-Unemployment Surveys (EUS, for short) which have remained virtually unchanged since they were introduced in the NSS 27th Round (1972-73) based on the analysis and recommendations in the Report of the Expert Group on Unemployment Estimate – better known as the Dantwala Committee Report (GOI, 1970). It also examines critically the employment-unemployment estimates derived/derivable from EUS and the use of such estimates for planning and policy. [CDE DSE WP 174] |
| Keywords: | Employment-Unemployment Surveys; United Nations System of National Accounts; Indian System of National Accounts; primary products; Dantwala Committee; Planning Commission; NSS 61st Round Employment-Unemployment Survey; regular wage/salary workers; National Accounts Division of the Central Statistical Organization; Gross Value Added; Usual Principal Status; Directorate General of Employment and Training; work force participation rates; NIC-Codes; Modified Current Weekly Status |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1950&r=cwa |
| By: | Stanley Nollen |
| Abstract: | Firms differ in the effects that foreign direct investment liberalizations have on their businesses, and in the responses they make to adjust to the liberalized business environment. In this study the authors investigate the perceived effects that FDI liberalizations have on the business of Indian information technology companies. Their results show that foreign-invested firms and firms that increased the number of their non-equity strategic alliances perceive more positive effects than firms with weaker foreign collaborations. Some but not all types of technology transfer through external markets from abroad make an additional contribution to the firm’s business after FDI liberalizations. |
| Keywords: | foreign direct investments; liberalization; Indian Information Technology firms; technology firms; multinational enterprise (MNE); Indian FDI policy liberalization; FDI policy liberalizations; impact of investment liberalization; WTO investment liberalization policies; impact of investment liberalization policies on Indian Information Technology firms. |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1946&r=cwa |
| By: | Mueller, Valerie; Shariff, Abusaleh |
| Abstract: | "Migration can serve as an outlet for employment, higher earnings, and reduced income risk for households in developing countries. We use the 2004–2005 Human Development Profile of India survey to examine correlations between the receipt of remittances from internal migrants and human capital investment in rural areas. We employ a propensity score–matching approach to account for the selectivity of households into receiving remittances. We interpret the results conservatively due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. We find a positive correlation between remittances received from internal migrants and the schooling attendance of teens. The magnitude of the correlation is greater when focusing on low-caste households, and male schooling attendance in particular becomes more positive and statistically significant. Our findings provide a basis for establishing future research in the areas of migration and social protection in India." from authors' abstract |
| Keywords: | Migration, Transfers, Human capital, Labor supply, Urban-rural linkages, Nonfarm rural development, Development strategies, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:858&r=cwa |
| By: | G. Raghuram |
| Abstract: | Mega projects (primarily infrastructure) receive a sizable investment (~10%) of the gross fixed capital formation in India. Environmental clearances and land acquisitions have been the two major reasons for delays in the projects. However, there has been a steady increase in the proportion of projects running on schedule and a sharp decline in the proportion of projects with cost overruns. These accomplishments have been achieved due to better financing, project management, and reform in the regulatory frameworks related to environmental and land acquisition aspects.With increasing private sector participation, delays due to project management are expected to reduce. The modifications in the regulatory framework on environmental and land acquisition issues are moves in the right direction. However, methods used for assessments related to environmental impact and land acquisition are still manual, making the whole process time consuming. Technology could be a good instrument in reducing the time required for these assessments as well as in bringing transparency in the system. Decentralization with capacity building at the state level would also help in the long run in reducing these delays.[IIMA- WP NO- 2009-03-07] |
| Keywords: | "infrastructure; fixed capital formation; Land acquisition; Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation; regulatory frameworks; Environmental Issues; Forest Conservation Act 1980; the Environment Protection Act 1986; State Pollution Control Board; Land Acquisition Issues; National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project-Affected Families of 2003; National Highways Act of 1956; Bangalore Mysore Infrastructure Corridor; Judicial Activism; Religious Sentiments |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1954&r=cwa |
| By: | Kaliappa Kalirajan; Shashanka Bhide; Kanhaiya Singh |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:asarcc:2009-05&r=cwa |
| By: | Melanie Hanif (GIGA Institute of Asian Studies) |
| Abstract: | This paper seeks an explanation for the resilience of the Syrian authoritarian regime under Hafez and Bashar Al-Asad. It will be argued that this resilience is to a relevant extent caused by the fact that the regime’s “material” as well as “ideational” forms of power share a common element, if not an underlying principle. This generates their compatibility and congruency and thus produces a convergence of forces which manifests in the regime’s ability to exceed the mere sum of its individual forms of power. It will be demonstrated that this common principle can be conceptualized as a “tacit pact” between unequal parties, with the weaker party under constant threat of exclusion and/or coercion in the event of noncompliance. It will be argued that inherent in the pact is a high level of ambiguity; this, paradoxically, renders it more effective but at the same time also more instable as a tool of domination. |
| Keywords: | Afghanistan, India, South Asia, regional security, regional hegemony |
| Date: | 2009–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gig:wpaper:98&r=cwa |
| By: | Syed, Kanwar Abbas |
| Abstract: | The worst economic outcomes have been argued as a result of the mismanagement in money supply especially in 1929’s Great Depression, 1970’s Stagflation and 2008’s Economic depression in the global economy. However, economic recessions tend to appear after oil price phenomenon. In particular, the global inflationary pressures of 2008 became severe with the spikes up in oil prices as well as crop productivity shocks in the world economy including Pakistan. The object of the present paper is to discuss inflation in the framework of Monetary and external Oil Price Shocks, Crop Productivity Propositions, Inflation Inertia, and real GDP growth. The empirical studies broadly uphold the monetary explanation of inflation in the Pakistan’s economy. This paper offers the policy implication that the combination of monetary as well as productivity management is required to arrest inflationary pressures in the economy. In addition, we find the comprehensive evidence that food inflation is also a monetary phenomenon in the Pakistan’s economy. On the other hand, the continuous persistence in inflation inertia does not hold as a result of the absence of autocorrelation in money supply in AR (2) or higher process in the data. Oil prices in terms of domestic currency highlight the fact that the transmission channel of world shocks via exchange rate fluctuations leaves significant impacts upon domestic inflation in the economy. |
| Keywords: | Money; Inflation; Oil; Productivity |
| JEL: | B22 |
| Date: | 2009–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15223&r=cwa |
| By: | V. Pandit |
| Abstract: | Macroeconomic modelling is generally motivated by two objectives: forecasting and more significantly, policy analysis. In pursuit of both these objectives, every model must ideally satisfy four criteria. First and foremost, it must fit into a theoretical framework. Second, the actual specification of the model must reflect a clear understanding of the contextual framework within which policies are formulated and executed along with an envisaged process of adjustment. Third, it is essential that the model is built on a firm and rich data base and, finally, the estimated structural model must adequately utilise the rigors and sophistications of econometric methodology.Unfortunately this is a tall order which can seldom be met.[CDE DSE WP NO 74] |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomic modelling; vector autoregression (VAR) modelling; econometric methodology; Cowles Commission Diebold; Price Behavior; Weintranb; monetary and fiscal policy; modus operandi; IEG-DSE model; World Project LINK system |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1955&r=cwa |
| By: | Anna M. Carabelli; Mario A. Cedrini (SEMEQ Department - Faculty of Economics - University of Eastern Piedmont) |
| Abstract: | In the paper, we revisit the focus and method of “Indian Currency and Finance” (1913) and the rationale of Keynes's proposal for an international monetary system combining cheapness with stability. In particular, we centre on the management of exchange reserve and the pattern of relationships between creditor and debtor countries, to suggest that Keynes's fresh look at Asia in the first years of the twentieth century may provide useful hints for an overall rethinking of the major faults of today's Bretton Woods II system as well as the rationale for a global monetary reform. |
| Keywords: | John Maynard Keynes, Indian Currency and Finance, international economic order, exchange reserves |
| JEL: | B31 B40 F02 F31 |
| Date: | 2009–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upo:upopwp:122&r=cwa |
| By: | Bhattacharyya, Surajit; Saxena, Arunima |
| Abstract: | The Law of Proportionate Effect depicts that firm’s growth rate is independent of its size; Gibrat (1931). Some of the existing studies support the Gibrat’s Law: Hymer and Pashigian (1962), Mansfield (1962), among others. However, Gale (1972), Shepherd (1972) and recently Punnose (2008) report a positive relationship, while Haines (1970) and Evans (1987) observe an inverse relationship between firm size and profitability. Baumol (1959) opined that rate of return increases with firm size. Therefore, the extant empirical research on the firm size – performance relationship provides inconclusive results. Manufacturing firms’ data from the Steel and Electrical & Electronics (EE) industries are taken from CMIE Prowess database for the period 2004-05 to 2006-07. Results show that firm size affects current profitability: positively in the Steel and negatively in the other. Some more determinants of firm performance are explored. Retained earnings have negative impact on profitability in Steel but, positive in EE. Bank credit is found negatively significant in both the industries. Market share of firms and industry concentration ratio (CR4) although inconsistently are the other significant determinants of firms’ performance. Firms’ market value (Q) is found positively significant for both the industries. This signifies that high market value of firms reflects their goodwill, knowledge stock and prospective investment opportunities which positively influence the firms’ performance. The significance of having high brand equity which the corporate firms thrive for becomes apparent. Interestingly, the impact of size is affected by firms’ market value: firm size positively affects profitability both in Steel and EE. Furthermore, ineffectiveness of Law of Proportionate Effect is strengthened when tested over the combined data of Steel and EE firms. The short-run dynamism in firm performance is also impacted by presence of Tobin’s Q. |
| Keywords: | Gibrat’s law, firm size, profitability, Tobin’s Q, manufacturing firms. |
| JEL: | L6 M21 |
| Date: | 2009–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:13029&r=cwa |
| By: | Amged Abd El Razik (The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the case of representing the Middle Eastern countries on the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). |
| Keywords: | International financial reporting standards (IFRS), IASB, MEC |
| JEL: | M41 H3 F5 |
| Date: | 2009–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pts:wpaper:f2&r=cwa |