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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | All India Drug Action Forum AIDAN |
| Abstract: | India has a booming drug industry and has contributed to making generics at low prices worldwide. But medicines within India are overpriced and unaffordable. Price regulation of medicines is a key public policy measure for health of India’s teeming masses. Only the Government of India can do it --- like it has done for cell phone rates, insurance premia, electricity tariff, bank interest rates, etc. |
| Keywords: | drug prices, health care, medicare, medicines, drug prices, public policy, health studies |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1905&r=cwa |
| By: | Arvind Virmani |
| Abstract: | The focus of this paper is on the potential economic factors underlying voter behaviour in a democracy. It develops a simplified model based on economic theory (welfare & conditional probabilities) and governance problems prevalent in developing countries and emerging economies. [WP No. 138]. |
| Keywords: | potential economic factors, voter, elections, democracy, developing countries, India, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1913&r=cwa |
| By: | Rakesh Mohan |
| Abstract: | Presentation shows the global financial crisis, the difference between US, Europe and India, RBI’s policy response and impact, lessons from the crisis, medium-term issues and challenges. [Speech delivered at London Business School]. |
| Keywords: | monetary policy, advanced economies, federal fund rate, china, commodity, asset prices, financial stability, policy, global financial crisis, US, Europe, India, RBI, sub-prime lending rate |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1914&r=cwa |
| By: | Raghbendra Jha |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effects of access to Rural Public Works (RPW) and the Public Distribution System (PDS), a public food subsidy programme, on consumption poverty, vulnerability and undernutrition in India drawing, on the large household datasets constructed with National Sample Survey (NSS) data, 50th round in 1993-1994 and 61st round in 2004-2005. The treatment effects model and propensity score matching (PSM) model are used to take account of the sample selection bias in evaluating the effects of RPW or PDS on poverty. |
| Keywords: | NSS, national sample survey, poverty, undernutrition, vulnerability, Rural Public Works (RPW), Public Distribution System (PDS), poverty reduction policy, treatment effects model, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) model, India |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1907&r=cwa |
| By: | Mahmud, Muhammad; Herani, Gobind M.; Rajar, Allah Wasayo; Farooqi, Wahid |
| Abstract: | In this paper attempt has been made: (i) to analyse the opinion poll of Tharis about livilihood and its diversifaction, (ii) to identify the livlihood available resources and attitute of Tharis to these resources. Poll question’s answers are analysed accordingly to draw conclusion from this analysis. Study reveals that Tharis have interest in agriclture especially livestock being their main source of livelihood and crops are failed due to shortage of rain fall. Sheep and Goats are the main growing livestock of Thar and Tharis love to rear these cashable livestocks with intrest because it is easily saleable. Thus it is the sustainable source of income for them. In Thar District the agriculture can be linked to rain falls only. Attitude of Tharis indicates that some of them are ready to divert from conventional agricultural work to other income generating businesses. Therefore, there is a need to create awareness about new opportunities within their district. |
| Keywords: | Livilihood Diversification; Tharparkar; Agroculture; Livestock; Sustanable Source |
| JEL: | D13 D31 D33 J24 |
| Date: | 2009–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15002&r=cwa |
| By: | Rohina Joshi |
| Abstract: | The study aimed at identifying social and biomedical risk factors attributable to perinatal and neonatal mortality (PN, NNM) in rural Punjab. |
| Keywords: | infants, hospitals, pregnancy, mortality, developing countries, IMR, National family health survey (NFHS), health status, neonatal deaths, girl child, India, biomedical, perinatal, neonatal, mortality, social, community, households, socio-economic status, stillbirths, Punjab |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1916&r=cwa |
| By: | Arshad , Muhammad Khan; Ahmed, Usman |
| Abstract: | This study examines the demand for energy at disaggregate level (gas, electricity and coal) for Pakistan over the period 1972-2007. Over main results suggest that electricity and coal consumption responds positively to changes in real income per capita and negatively to changes in domestic price level. The gas consumption responds negatively to real income and price changes in the shortrun, however, in the long-run real income exerts positive effect on gas consumption, while domestic price remains insignificant. Furthermore, in the short-run the average elasticities of price and real income for gas consumption (in absolute terms) are greater than that of electricity and coal consumption. The differences in elasticities of each component of energy have significant policy implications for income and revenue generation. |
| Keywords: | Pakistan; Energy Demand |
| JEL: | Q42 |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15056&r=cwa |
| By: | Tejas A. Desai |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to derive some important lessons in economic philosophy from two recent Indian films. The two films, Mani Ratnam’s Guru (2007) and Madhur Bhandarkar’s Corporate (2006), are explicitly about the world of business and the people who inhabit it. |
| Keywords: | films, economic philosophy, Indian, Keynesian economics, Adam Smith’s philosophy, capitalism, entrepreneurial, policies, rationality, rational, theories, |
| Date: | 2009 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:1901&r=cwa |
| By: | Mahmud, Muhammad; Herani, Gobind M.; Rajar, A.W.; Farooqi, Wahid |
| Abstract: | This study is an attempt to determine the factors that influence a firm’s choice of capital structure in three Asian countries: Japan, Malaysia and Pakistan. The specific objective is to investigate if country’s economic factors play a significant role in determining capital structure between markets. These countries are chosen in order to represent three different stages of economic development. Literature review reveals that considerable research has been made in the industrialized countries on the similar topic. Capital structure is one of the most complex areas of strategic financial decision making due to its interrelationship with macroeconomic variables. This study reveals that per capita GNP growth for Japan and Malaysia is significantly related to capital structure of firm and higher economic growth tends to cause to use more long term debt. These results for Pakistan are different from those other two countries. This also shows that inefficiencies coupled with high leverage may entangle Pakistani firms in debt trap. The indicator of prime lending rate is the most decisive factor affecting demand for credit for Japan and Malaysia. It is evident from the analysis that financial liberalization provides major support in the development of capital structure and overall corporate sector in all the three countries. |
| Keywords: | Capital Structure; Business Cycle; Liquidity; Economic Growth |
| JEL: | G32 G33 G10 O40 |
| Date: | 2009–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15003&r=cwa |
| By: | Hussain, Syed Karamatullah; Riaz, Kashif; Kazi, Abdul Kabeer; Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | The topic was selected after giving consideration to the modern environment and the use of media by advertisers for attention purposes of their products. It was also observed that the number of channels especially in the electronic media have also geometrically increased over the last two decades. It is now becoming difficult for advertisers to get the attention of their products in the minds of their viewers. The methodology used in the research was focus group and ads of different products were shown to them which included humorous and serious appeals. As the literature review revealed that these two types of appeals have significant difference when measuring attention between humorous and serious advertisements. At the end of the research it was established that there is a significant difference between the attention of humorous and serious appeals. Initially the idea was taken form a research conducted in Sweden. Same parameters were analyzed in Pakistan. We concluded that the reaction of two different societies have almost the same response for humorous and serious advertising appeals. |
| Keywords: | Humorous Appeals; Serious Appeals; Attention |
| JEL: | M31 M37 M30 |
| Date: | 2008–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:15005&r=cwa |
| By: | Rao, B. Bhaskara; Hassan, Gazi |
| Abstract: | This short paper conducts growth accounting to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) for Bangladesh and analyses its key determinants. According to Solow (1956) the long run equilibrium growth rate equals TFP. Estimated show that trade openness, foreign direct investment and development of financial sector increase TFP. Inflation and government expenditure have negative effects on TFP. |
| Keywords: | Solow Model; Total Factor Productivity; Growth Accounting; Bangladesh |
| JEL: | O11 O10 |
| Date: | 2009–05–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:14972&r=cwa |
| By: | Karimi, Mohammad Sharif; Yusop, Zulkornain |
| Abstract: | Abstract: This study examines the causal relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. Methodology is based on the Toda-Yamamoto test for causality relationship and the bounds testing (ARDL). Time-series data covering the period 1970-2005 for Malaysia, the study found, in the case of Malaysia there is no strong evidence of a bi-directional causality and long-run relationship between FDI and economic growth. This suggests that FDI has indirect effect on economic growth in Malaysia |
| Keywords: | Foreign direct investment; Toda-Yamamoto test; bounds testing (ARDL); economic growth. Malaysia |
| JEL: | C32 O10 F14 F21 F43 |
| Date: | 2009–03–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:14999&r=cwa |
| By: | Onour, Ibrahim |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates long-term relationship that links stock prices of three major North African stock markets: Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia . The paper shows, there is strong evidence of multivariate and bivariate nonlinear long-term relationship between stock prices of these markets. Nonlinear cointegration between stock prices imply portfolios in these markets are inefficient (systematic risk cannot be diversified away), as movement in the price of one market influence the movement in another market in a predictable direction and disproportionately. |
| Keywords: | cointegration; portfolio; diversification; nonparametric |
| JEL: | E44 C01 |
| Date: | 2009–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:14938&r=cwa |
| By: | Frost, Jon |
| Abstract: | Informal employment is a reality for roughly two-thirds of economically active youth in urban Egypt, and it has been argued to be correlated with poverty, poor working conditions, and few opportunities for advancement. This essay analyzes whether informal employment rewards job qualification measures, using survey data from 2006 and a Blinder-Oaxaca wage decomposition. After creating a taxonomy of formal, para-formal, and informal modes of qualification, it is shown that formal public and formal private jobs tend to reward those with formal qualifications, while informal employment tends to reward informal qualification mechanisms. The notion that informal employment does not reward qualification is disputed. Furthermore, there are large wage premia based on formality of employment, region, and gender. The results can be explained by analyzing the formality decision and the qualification decisions of youth. This suggests an alterative explanation for “dualistic” outcomes in youth labor markets. |
| Keywords: | informal employment; youth employment; human capital; developing country labor markets; wage regression |
| JEL: | O17 J24 J42 |
| Date: | 2008–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12599&r=cwa |