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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Sushil Mohan; Bill Russell |
| Abstract: | Over the past thirty five years coffee markets have been subject to market controls and regulations culminating in the liberalisation of coffee markets in the early 1990s. This paper models the relationship between the producers’ and world prices of coffee in Brazil, Guatemala and India allowing for the effects of changes in market structures. We find that liberalisation has benefited producers substantially in terms of higher real coffee prices and a higher share of the world price of coffee. |
| Keywords: | coffee prices, cointegration, coffee markets, liberalisation, coffee producers,transfer costs |
| JEL: | Q11 Q17 Q18 C32 C52 F13 F14 |
| Date: | 2008–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dun:dpaper:221&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | This study is earlier research works done on Tharparkar and Sindh barrage, and similar studies related to demographic, social and economic conditions and chapter-2 as a literature review of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. Purpose of the chapter was to give the complete picture of both areas and at national and international level to support the primary data of the thesis for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the lesson for Tharparkar to get prosperous and better demographically socially and economically. Only secondary data from reliable sources is given in this chapter with complete quotations. This study shows that earlier research work is done in Thar with the help of Government of Sindh, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Save the Children Fund (SCF)-U.K , titled as ” Tharparkar rural Development Project (TRDP) Evaluation 1993”. From, the detailed study of the chapter we conclude that, from Pakistan origin material, we expect more in future. Some active NGOs has also worked for the awareness and welfare of Thar. From the literature of foreign origin material, it is concluded that development of any area depends upon the awareness and leadership of local participation of indigenous people and results are comparatively better. From the study of Baroda project, Somalia, Grameen Bank of Bangladesh and other NGOs' who run the micro credit programs, it is evident that such programs are essential for the alleviation of poverty and lead towards the income generation of the local masses. Every work should be done through local NGOs, because NGO’s works are on the basis of honesty and is demand driven. It is recommended that Local organizations are must for the awareness welfare and development and they must demand facilities from government and donor agencies. |
| Keywords: | Earlier Research; Demographic; Social and Economic Conditions; Livestock; Rangeland Plantation; Thardeep; Banh-Beli |
| JEL: | O47 O19 J24 H53 P28 J16 D13 H51 J21 J28 P27 I38 H52 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12133&r=cwa |
| By: | Willem H Boshoff (Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch); Johan Fourie (Department of Economics, University of Stellenbosch) |
| Abstract: | Trade is a critical component of economic growth in newly settled societies. This paper tests the impact of ship traffic on the Cape economy using a time series smoothing technique borrowed from the business cycle literature and employing an econometric procedure to test for long-run relationships. The results suggest a strong systematic co-movement between wheat production and ship traffic, with less evidence for wine production and stock herding activities. While ship traffic created demand for wheat exports, the size of the co-movement provides evidence that ship traffic also stimulated local demand through secondary and tertiary sector activities, supporting the hypothesis that ship traffic acted as a catalyst for growth in the Cape economy. |
| Keywords: | Colonial trade, Cape of Good Hope, Dutch East India, Band-pass filter, Medium-term fluctuations, Business cycle, South Africa, Ships, Harvest cycles, Colonial economy |
| JEL: | N17 E32 N77 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sza:wpaper:wpapers71&r=cwa |
| By: | Bukhari, Syed Adnan Haider Ali Shah; Khan, Safdar Ullah |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates a small open economy Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model for Pakistan using Bayesian simulation approach. Model setup is based on new Keynesian framework, characterized by nominal rigidity in prices with habit formation in household’s consumption. The core objective is to study whether an estimated small open economy DSGE model provides a realistic behavior about the structure Pakistan economy with fully articulated description of the monetary policy transmission mechanism vis-à-vis domestic firm’s price setting behavior. To do so, we analyze the impulse responses of key macro variables; domestic inflation, imported inflation, output, consumption, interest rate, exchange rate, term of trade to different structural/exogenous shocks. From several interesting results, few are; (a) high inflation in Pakistan do not hit domestic consumption significantly; (b) Central bank of Pakistan responds to high inflation by increasing the policy rate by 100 to 200 bps; (c) exchange rate appreciates in both the cases of high domestic and imported inflation; (d) tight monetary policy stance helps to curb domestic inflation as well as imported inflation but appreciates exchange rate significantly (f) pass through of exchange rate to domestic inflation is very low; finally parameter value of domestic price stickiness shows that around 24 percent domestic firms do not re-optimize their prices which implies averaged price contract is about two quarters. |
| Keywords: | New-Keynesian economics; open economy DSGE models; nominal rigidities; monetary policy transmission mechanism; Bayesian Approach |
| JEL: | F37 E32 E52 F47 E47 |
| Date: | 2008–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12184&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | This study is about comparison of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and eighth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of comparison so that valuable findings be drawn and recommendations made to policy maker for prosperity. On the completion of this comparative study it has been observed that: demographic condition shows that the growth of population is showing decreasing trend in 1998 as compared to the census of 1981, in both the areas of Thar and Barrage area. The Agro-based industries, in Barrage area of Sindh, are suitably developed. In this area irrigation is dependent on river Indus, but some times due to lack of rainfalls it suffers a little as happened during 1999-2000. But in terms of economy livestock in this area is constant due to availability of fodder. Thar lacks all these things. Tharparkar, with more rangeland, is much more suitable for livestock industry. Tharparkar requires further development of its livestock. Peoples need awareness about conservation of natural vegetation for their livestock. |
| Keywords: | Comparison; Agro-Based Industry; Livestock; Rangeland Plantation; Tharparkar; Barrage Area of Sindh |
| JEL: | D18 R13 D33 P51 H24 R23 D13 D31 N50 N30 Q15 D24 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12140&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | This study is about problems of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and fifth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study problems faced by agro-based industry are discussed. Main topics of the study are: Crops, Non-crops, Livestock, Fishing, Poultry and Edible oil. Secondary data from different resources is collected to indicate the problems of agro-based industry. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of problems of the study for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar better economically and socially. Study reveals that Thar depends on livestock and not corps People of Thar are poor and they have strong attachment with in the crops. In spite of uncertainty of rain people like it and take risk. Dairy products are not so income generating due to the fact that milk taken out butter is used for personal nutrition and somewhat for saleable; and there is no market for sale in villages. However poultry farm system does not exist only few people rare it in informal way. A barrage area is more developed than Thar. From all these discussions it is clear that only livestock is main agro-based industry and source of income for Thar. However in future if developed may increase income and alleviate poverty. |
| Keywords: | Problems; Agro-Based Industry; Livestock; Rangeland Plantation; Tharparkar |
| JEL: | D18 O47 P17 H53 P28 D13 D31 H51 P21 I38 H52 D24 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12136&r=cwa |
| By: | Bernhard G. Gunter (Bangladesh Development Research Center (BDRC)) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes some fundamental reforms of the way the extraction of minerals are managed in Bangladesh. It suggests a Mineral Management Initiative that consists of three components: (i) the creation of Mineral Oversight Committee, (ii) the establishment of a Mineral Revenue Program, and (iii) a comprehensive Mineral Capacity Building Program. The purpose of the Mineral Oversight Committee (MOC) would be to oversee all decisions of Petrobangla’s Board of Directors as well as to monitor all major transactions of Petrobangla, including especially the use of mineral revenues and royalties. The establishment of a Mineral Revenue Program (MRP) is proposed to ensure that the revenues and royalties from the extraction of Bangladesh’s minerals will accrue to all the people of Bangladesh, while a comprehensive Mineral Capacity Building Program (MCBP) would provide specialized resource and management training. |
| Keywords: | Bangladesh, mineral extraction, natural gas, oil, management |
| Date: | 2008–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bnr:wpaper:3&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | This study is concluding the thesis about agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and ninth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Demographic, social and economic conditions are compared and results of hypotheses are given theoretically with reference of primary and secondary data in detail. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of results of hypotheses and valuable findings. On the completion of this study it has been observed that both the given hypotheses are accepted. After the detailed study of the thesis it is concluded that: Thar at this time is disadvantaged district of Sindh province. It depends on rain and its reliable source of income is livestock. Agricultural crops are completely failed but Tharies like it. There is need of change crops to non-crops where ever it depends fully on rain. Fencing and reforming some acres of farmland at first time can save the natural vegetation, which is actual stock for fodder for present time and in long run too. It will give the fruits of non-crops and crops too. It also may prove honey farm at some level, if it is looked after and stocked. |
| Keywords: | Conclusion of Agro-Based Industry; Livestock; Rangeland Plantation; Tharparkar; Barrage Area of Sindh |
| JEL: | D18 R13 D33 P51 H24 R23 D13 D31 N50 N30 Q15 D24 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12141&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | In this study solutions and suggested policy of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh are given, and it is tenth chapter of the Ph.D submitted in 2002. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of solutions and recommendations. On the completion of this study and in the light of conclusions drawn it has been observed that to further develop agro-based industries in Thar and Barrage areas, it is necessary for the Government of Sindh to take steps for local organization and indigenous knowledge and leadership. The awareness of rangeland and livestock by the local organizations will help in the enhancement of all other agro-based industries. The development of agro-based industries in Thar will boost Sindh’s industrial economy. In order to alleviate poverty, it is also necessary that people be trained in the ways and means to develop their physical assets (land and livestock). In this way poverty will fall about 55 percent. For the development of Thar’s agro-based industries two formulas are suggested as bellow: A. Alleviation of poverty = Local Organizations + Livestock; B. Development of Thar = Local Organizations + Livestock + Roads + Electricity. For the achievement of purpose Proposed Immediate Measures, Medium and Long Term Measures should be taken. |
| Keywords: | Solutions and Suggested Policy; Tharparkar; Barrage Area of Sindh; Agro-Based Industry; livestock |
| JEL: | D18 R13 D33 P51 H24 R23 D13 D31 N50 N30 Q15 D24 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12143&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | This study is perspectives of agro-based industry of Tharparkar, and Third chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study perspectives of agro-based industry are discussed. Main topics of the study are: Crops, Non-crops, Livestock, Fishing, Poultry and Edible oil. Secondary data from different resources is collected to indicate the importance of agro-based industry. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of perspectives of the study for proper occlusions and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar better economically and socially. Study reveals that Thar depends on livestock and not corps People of Thar are poor and they have strong attachment with in the crops. In spite of uncertainty of rain people like it and take risk. Dairy products are not so income generating due the fact that milk taken out butter is used for personal nutrition and somewhat for saleable, there is no market for sale in villages. However poultry farm system does not exist only few people rare it in informal way. From all these discussion it is clear that only livestock is main agro-based industry and source of income. However in future if developed may increase income and alleviate poverty. |
| Keywords: | Agro-Based Industry; Livestock; Rangeland Plantation; Tharparkar; Perspectives |
| JEL: | D18 O47 P17 H53 P28 D13 D31 H51 P21 I38 H52 D24 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12134&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | This study is about importance of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and sixth chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study importance of agro-based industry is discussed with reference of main topics of the study: Crops, Non-crops, and Livestock in detail. Secondary data from different resources is collected to indicate the importance of agro-based industry. Purpose of the study was to give the complete picture of importance of the study so that valuable findings be drawn and recommendations for policy maker to get the Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh to be better economically and socially. It is concluded that the scope of agro-based industry is too high, because of the fact that our country depends on agriculture. All branches of agro based industry are very important because they increase industrial products, provide employment, earn foreign exchange, increase income level and also provide employment to women and provide base for development for backward areas. At the same time reduces pressure of population and migration, distributes the Wealth properly and can be established with small capital. For this little imported inputs are required and no foreign investments or sophisticated technology is needed. |
| Keywords: | Importance; Agro-Based Industry; Livestock; Rangeland Plantation; Tharparkar |
| JEL: | D18 O47 P17 H53 P28 D13 D31 H51 P21 I38 H52 D24 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12137&r=cwa |
| By: | Herani, Gobind M. |
| Abstract: | This study is about research methodology and procedures adopted for the primary data of agro-based industry of Tharparkar and barrage area of Sindh, and seventh chapter of the thesis of Ph.D submitted in 2002. In this study detail of the consolidated datta about the sample characteristics of this random sample survey are being given, collected through questionnaire, by poll questions about agro-based industry, and are analyzed by tabulation and charts. This data is primarily and is first ever study of Tharparkar on the subject. In giving the random sample characteristics, every attempt was made to give almost necessary information about the village farmers of the defined area out of which sampling was done. It is concluded from the study that in Thar livestock is sustainable source of income at first level and rangeland is at second level and crops are at third level. In barrage area crops are sustainable source of income at first level livestock is a at second level and rangeland is at third level this study will help to policy makers for further planning. |
| Keywords: | Methods and Procedures; Agro-Based Industry; Livestock; Rangeland Plantation; Tharparkar; Sample; Survey |
| JEL: | D18 P17 Q51 P48 D13 D31 Q56 C81 D24 B41 |
| Date: | 2008–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12138&r=cwa |
| By: | Habibullah, M.S.; Dayang-Afizzah, A.M. |
| Abstract: | Disparity in income across states and regions in Malaysia continues to be a matter of concern. The purpose of the present study is to investigate empirically the question of whether the economic development of the state of Sabah has an impact on her neighbouring countries or vice versa, the growth of her neighbouring countries have causal effect on the growth of the state of Sabah. Using annual data for the period 1983 to 2003, our results from employing the ARDL bounds testing approach indicate that the growth of the state of Sabah is affected by the growth of Brunei Darussalam, Sarawak, and Kalimantan Timur. Further, the growth of the state of Sabah has an impact on her neighbouring states, country and provinces during the period under study. |
| Keywords: | economic growth; Sabah; granger causality |
| JEL: | O1 O18 |
| Date: | 2008–01–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:12104&r=cwa |