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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Narayana, Muttur Ranganathan (CIRJE, University of Tokyo and Institute for Social and Economic Change) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at economic analysis of globalization and performance of urban India during the globalization period. India's recent process of globalization is identified with the start of national economic reforms since July 1991. India's degree of globalization, measured by internationalization of trade and capital, is shown to be low at global levels. Patterns of urbanization in the post-globalization period show higher growth and concentration of population, bigger size of organized employment, higher levels of consumption, and lower levels of poverty in bigger class-size cities. Urban economic growth is increasingly contributed by service sectors, declining share of manufacturing sector, and higher labour productivity. These experiences of urban India coincide with global experiences in countries such as China, G7, and Korea. Overall, aggregate economic performance of urban India is positive during the globalization period. Demands of globalization have transformed urban development into national policies and programmes. This implies a beginning for a national policy for urban development in India. |
| Date: | 2008–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2008cf543&r=cwa |
| By: | Muttur Ranganathan Narayana (CIRJE, University of Tokyo and Institute for Social and Economic Change) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at economic analysis of globalization and urban growth of Bangalore (capital of Karnataka State, and globally known as Silicon Valley of India, IT Hub of Asia, and IT Capital of India) in South India. It offers new insights and evidence for information and communication technology (ICT) sector as a major source for selective globalization and urban growth. Estimated combined contribution of ICT manufacturing and services to Bangalore's economic growth is compared with regional, national and international (OECD average) levels. Empirical results support for a remarkable performance of Bangalore at all levels, mainly driven by ICT sector. In addition, Bangalore's valuable contributions to regional and national economic growth are singled out. Available and new evidence are put together to explain select factors behind Bangalore's phenomenal economic growth under globalization. |
| Date: | 2008–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2008cf544&r=cwa |
| By: | Muttur Ranganathan Narayana (Centre for International Research on the Japanese Economy, Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo and Centre for Economic Studies and Policy Institute for Social and Economic Change) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the determinants of household subscription to mobile and fixed phones in India based on a binary logit model and using the household sample survey data from the Karnataka State in South India. The determinants include access and usage price of mobile and fixed phone services, income, age, social caste, education, and occupation of head of household and family size. Using the econometric estimates, marginal effects and elasticities of probability of subscription to mobile services are computed. Elasticities are distinguished by own price elasticity, cross-price elasticity, and income elasticity. Estimated cross price elasticity offers empirical evidence for substitutability rather than complementarity between fixed and mobile phone services. This evidence is symmetric in mobile and fixed phone models. The implications of empirical results are shown to have relevance for on-going policy discussion on subsidization under Universal Service Obligation and Access Deficit Charge. |
| Date: | 2008–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2008cf550&r=cwa |
| By: | Pal, Sarmistha (Brunel University); Palacios, Robert (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | The Government of India is implementing a new policy which dramatically increases funding for a cash transfer program targeted to the poor elderly. The expansion of this ‘social pension’ in terms of coverage and benefit levels is taking place with little understanding of poverty among India’s elderly or its determinants. This paper finds that households with elderly members do not have higher poverty rates than non-elderly households. This result is robust under various measures that take into account the size and composition of households. Separate evidence suggests that part of the explanation for this phenomenon is that the poor have higher mortality rates and are therefore underrepresented. This explanation has important implications for social pension policy and suggests that programs that reduce elderly mortality may actually increase the relative poverty levels of the elderly. |
| Keywords: | old age poverty, household demographic composition, adjusted poverty indices, elderly contribution, survivorship bias |
| Date: | 2008–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp3431&r=cwa |
| By: | Muttur Ranganathan Narayana (CIRJE, University of Tokyo and Institute for Social and Economic Change) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the contribution of telecommunication (or telecom) services to aggregate economic growth in India. Estimated contribution is distinguished between public and private sectors to highlight the impact of telecom privatization on economic growth. Knowledge of policy determinants of demand of telecom services is shown to be essential to enhance growth contribution of telecom services. Using a recent sample survey data from Karnataka State in South India, price and income determinants of demand for telecom services are estimated by capacity of telephone exchanges Estimation results offer evidence for significant negative own price elasticity and positive income elasticity of demand for telecom services. In addition, survey data are used to show for non-economic factors that influence demand for telecom services including non-awareness of the usage and cost of value added services. These results have implications for design of a national policy for promotion of demand for telecom services and economic growth. |
| Date: | 2008–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2008cf545&r=cwa |
| By: | Neeraj Parnami, Neeraj Parnami |
| Abstract: | Lots of people in this modern era take the Intellectual property (IP) as a magical word and they think that the game can be understood only by the experts or the trained people. Even there is no surprise that you may be asking yourself that why and how IP is going to provide an emerging platform in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector? Presently, the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India are at a crossroad and there is an intense debate over the questions like what would be the future of these SMEs? How these SMEs can survive in the international trade arena? What role can the government play in making these SMEs more competitive? How can the Intellectual property (IP) generate wealth in the business? In order to know the answers of all these questions the paper is written and is concerned with the identification and analysis of current approaches of SMEs towards the Intellectual property (IP), the hurdles that they face; and the accessible & feasible solutions. |
| Keywords: | Intellectual Property; Small and Medium Enterprisers; SMEs; Commercialization. |
| JEL: | P00 A12 P14 B00 I22 |
| Date: | 2008–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:8232&r=cwa |
| By: | Patricia Justino (Institute of Development Studies at Sussex) |
| Abstract: | Recurrent episodes of civil unrest significantly reduce the potential for economic growth and poverty reduction. Yet the economics literature offers little understanding of what triggers civil unrest in society and how to prevent it. This paper provides a theoretical analysis in a dynamic setting of the merits of redistributive transfers in preventing the onset of (and reducing) civil unrest and compare it with policies of more direct intervention such as the use of police. We present empirical evidence for a panel of Indian states, where conflict, transfers and policing are treated as endogenous variables. Our empirical results show, in the mediumterm, redistributive transfers are both a more successful and cost-effective means to reduce civil unrest. Policing is at best a short-term strategy. In the longer term, it may trigger further social discontent. |
| Keywords: | Transfers, policing, conflict, unrest, India, panel data |
| JEL: | C23 C33 D74 I38 O53 |
| Date: | 2007 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mcn:rwpapr:3&r=cwa |
| By: | Yesim Kustepeli (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Dokuz Eylül University); Yaprak Gulcan (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Dokuz Eylül University); Sedef Akgungor (Department of Economics, Faculty of Business, Dokuz Eylül University) |
| Abstract: | One of the processes that are alleged to constitute globalization is trade and investment. Improvements in highways, railways and ports facilitate the movement of the goods thus leading to higher standards of living for the people of the whole globe. Although infrastructure is indispensable to achieve the main development targets in developing countries, such as urbanization, industrialization, export growth and sustainable economic development (Kim, 2006), the relationship between infrastructure expenditures, economic growth and international trade is inconclusive. Boarnet (1995) suggests that public investment is productive if it gives some places a local competitive advantage over other places. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of investments on highway infrastructure in Turkey, on Turkey’s international trade and economic growth for the period of 1970-2005. Results from cointegration and causality analysis suggest that there is only a weak relationship between highway transportation infrastructure, economic growth and international trade in Turkey. |
| JEL: | H20 O40 |
| Date: | 2008–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:deu:dpaper:0802&r=cwa |
| By: | Malik, Afia |
| Abstract: | The paper is a review of possible consequences and challenges presented by high oil prices in Pakistan. Pakistan is heavily dependent on imported fuels and this dependence is expected to increase even further in future given the depleting gas resources. The rising oil prices in the international market has had effected negatively balance of payment position as well as on the budgetary position of the country and contributed in creating inflationary pressures in the economy. For long run development oil will remain an important source of energy. The government should chalk out strategies for ensuring efficiency in use; and development, adequacy and reliability of supply. Unless appropriate steps are taken this trend of rising oil prices will further aggravate the negative impacts on the economy. |
| Keywords: | Oil; Prices; Deregulation; Pakistan; Macro-economy. |
| JEL: | L16 Q41 Q48 Q43 |
| Date: | 2008–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:8256&r=cwa |
| By: | Mohammed, Aliyu Dahiru; Hasan, Zubair |
| Abstract: | Today widespread poverty is one of the major problems of mankind and its alleviation one of her major agendas. In recent years microfinance has emerged as an important instrument to relieve poverty in the developing countries. Today there are more than 7000 micro lending institutions providing loans to more than 25 million poor individuals across the world, their vast majority being the women. However these institutions face some serious challenges, especially in less developed countries where the proportion of people in poverty is high. The existing microfinance in Nigeria serves less than 1 million people out of 40 million being the potential number that need the service. Also, the aggregate micro credit facilities in Nigeria, account for about 0.2 percent of the GDP and is less than one percent of total credit in the economy. Addressing this situation inadequately would further accentuate the problem and slow down growth and development of the country. We find that the microfinance institutions charge interest rate as high as up to 100% for lending and pay as low as 5% on savings. This aggravates the existing inequalities in the distribution of wealth and income in Nigeria. Finally, Nigeria being a country with a Muslims majority, represents a potential for Islamic microfinance especially that most Muslims reject the conventional interest based micro financing, which is not tailored in line with their faith. This might cause failure of government project to combat poverty in the country through micro financing. Under the circumstance Islamic micro financing has potential to serve the country better. The paper has relied on the sources of Shari`ah law, secondary data from journals, periodicals, conference proceedings, text book , internet search and other sources of published data to support the argument. |
| Keywords: | Microfinance; Islam; Nigeria |
| JEL: | E51 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:8127&r=cwa |
| By: | Pangotra Prem; Astha Govil |
| Date: | 2008–04–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:2008-04-02&r=cwa |
| By: | Wasim, Mohammad Pervez; Herani, Gobind M.; Farooqui, Wahid; Qureshi, M. A |
| Abstract: | The development of a society is virtually dependent upon the quality of human resources both male and female, the changing pattern of economic and social development of world societies irrespective of their level of development, necessitates and equal advancement of both the social segments. The numerical reality that women constitute about nearly half of the total population of Sindh ideally assigns to them equal participating role in the economic life of the province. However, like other developing countries, women’s role in Sindh as an active worker-producer of goods and services has not been duly recognized by this male dominated society. With the objective of ensuring increased participation of women, clear-cut guidelines about integrating women in the development process and defining their roles are still lacking in Sindh. The present study is a step in the direction of bridging the gap of information about female labor force participation of Sindh in different, activity rates, industry group, occupation group and employment status in 1981 and 1998 population census. The most important conclusion that emerges from this study is that though percentage of women labor force in different, activities, industry group, occupation group and employment status has mostly increased in 1998 as compared to 1981, but being nearly half of the population this increase is still very low. |
| Keywords: | Family; Authority; Problems; Female; Labor Force; Sindh |
| JEL: | J21 J71 J12 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:8292&r=cwa |