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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Elif Akbostanci (Department of Economics, METU); G. Ipek Tunc (Department of Economics, METU); Serap Turut-Asik (Department of Economics, METU) |
| Abstract: | In this study, we analyze Turkey’s manufacturing industry trade by estimating sectoral import and export demand equations for 1980-2000. The study aims to understand whether the trade in the manufacturing industry complies with pollution haven hypothesis, and whether the free trade environment provided by the customs union (CU) agreement altered the trade pattern of the clean and dirty industries. Results of our econometric models have shown that while CU positively affects the import demand, it does not have any significant impact on the export demand of Turkish manufacturing industry. In terms of the environmental impact, distinction between clean and dirty industries turns out to be significant for both import and export demand. In general, our findings suggest that both clean and dirty industries’ import demand increase during the study period. In terms of export demand, clean industries’ export demand declines whereas dirty industries’ export demand increases compared to the total demand. |
| Keywords: | Environmental impact analysis, EU, Turkey, manufacturing industry |
| Date: | 2006–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:0603&r=cwa |
| By: | Ertugrul Deliktas; Özlem Önder; Metin Karadag (Department of Economics, Ege University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the spillover effects of public capital formation on the Turkish private manufacturing industry at the regional level over the period 1980-2000. The aggregate effects of public capital cannot be captured entirely from the direct effects of public capital installed in the region itself. Therefore, we estimate vector autoregression (VAR) models for the seven geographical regions of Turkey by including capital formation installed outside of the region. The results show that public capital affects private sector performance positively in all regions apart from Central Anatolia. Positive spillover effects of public capital can be seen in some regions, like Marmara. |
| Keywords: | Regional development, public capital, spillover effects, vector autoregression, Turkish manufacturing industry. |
| JEL: | C32 L60 R00 |
| Date: | 2007–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ege:wpaper:0702&r=cwa |
| By: | Özlem Önder; Metin Karadag; Ertugrul Deliktas (Department of Economics, Ege University) |
| Abstract: | In recent years there have been many studies that explore the impact of public capital formation on economic growth at regional level, because public capital might give rise to reducing regional disparities across regions. Regarding Turkey, investigating the effects of public capital on economic convergence at the regional level gains importance since significant regional disparities exist between the regions. This study attempts to explore the dynamic effects of public capital on output per capita in terms of convergence in the Turkish regions. A conditional convergence model based on per capita GDP and public capital is estimated using the panel data set of Turkish regions at NUTS 1 level for the time period 1980-2001. The spatial effects are also investigated. The results show that there exists conditional convergence. The results also reveal that in some of the models public capital has a positive and significant effect on output per capita. However, in the models with spatial effects the public capital does not have a significant effect on regional convergence. |
| Keywords: | Regional development, public capital, convergence, Turkish regions, spatial effects |
| JEL: | H54 R11 |
| Date: | 2007–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ege:wpaper:0701&r=cwa |
| By: | Ozcan Saritas (PREST, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester); Erol Taymaz (Department of Economics, METU); Turgut Tumer (Department of Mechanical Engineering, METU) |
| Abstract: | This paper describes and analyses Vision 2023 Turkish National Technology Foresight Program. The paper is not about a mere description of the activities undertaken. It analyses the Program from a contextualist perspective, where the Program is considered in its own national and organizational contexts by discussing how the factors in these contexts led to the particular decisions taken and approaches adopted when the exercise was organized, designed and practiced. With the description and analysis of the Vision 2023 Technology Foresight Program, the paper suggests that each Foresight exercise should be considered in its own context. The exercise should be organized, designed and practiced by considering the effects of the external contexts (national, regional and/or corporate) and organizational factors stemming from these different context levels along with the nature of the issue being worked on, which constitute the content of the exercise. |
| Keywords: | Foresight, contextualism, Vision 2023, Turkey, Science and Technology Policy |
| Date: | 2006–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:0601&r=cwa |
| By: | G. Ipek Tunc (Department of Economics, METU); Serap Turut-Asik (Department of Economics, METU); Elif Akbostanci (Department of Economics, METU) |
| Abstract: | Recently, global warming (greenhouse effect) and its effects have become one of the hottest topics in the world agenda. There have been several international attempts to reduce the negative effects of global warming. Kyoto Protocol can be cited as the most important agreement which tries to limit the countries’ emissions within a time horizon. For this reason it becomes important to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions of countries. The aim of this study is to estimate the amount of CO2 -the most important greenhouse gas- emissions, for the Turkish economy. An extended input-output model is estimated by using 1996 data in order to identify the sources of CO2 emissions and to discuss the share of sectors in total emission. Besides ‘CO2 responsibility’, which takes into account the CO2 content of imports, is estimated for the Turkish economy. The sectoral CO2 emissions and CO2 responsibilities are compared and these two notions are linked to foreign trade volume. One of the main conclusions is that the manufacturing industry has the first place in both of the rankings for CO2 emissions and CO2 responsibilities; while agriculture and husbandry has the last place. |
| Keywords: | CO2 responsibility, Turkey, input-output analysis |
| Date: | 2006–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:0604&r=cwa |
| By: | Erkan Erdil (Department of Economics, METU); Ozan Eruygur; Zehra Kasnakoglu |
| Abstract: | This study aims to analyze rural household work and leisure time and how it is allocated among various activities and by socio-economic characteristics of individuals. The analysis is based on a survey carried out in two central Anatolian villages. Three time use questionnaires are administered between May-October 2003 during two different days of the week, an ordinary weekday and the day of the local bazaar. 138 household members from these two villages have participated in the survey. It is found that on the average, the villagers spend over half of their nonsleeping time on non-economic activities including personal development. The remaining time spent on agricultural and non-agricultural economic activities is about the same. Males on the average spend more time on all activities than females except for personal development. The results show that, time use patterns change during different days of the week and months of the year. It is also found that, there is a high correlation between time use patterns and socio-economic characteristics of the households. In general there are statistically significant differences in the average time devoted to activities by education and age groups. Finally, significant differences are observed in the time use patterns rather than magnitudes by gender. As expected, differentiation in men’s and women’s roles is observed in agricultural activities. |
| Keywords: | Time Use surveys, rural households, agricultural activities |
| JEL: | D13 J16 Q12 |
| Date: | 2006–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:met:wpaper:0602&r=cwa |
| By: | Christopher F. Baum (Boston College); Mustafa Caglayan (University of Sheffield); Dorothea Schaefer (DIW Berlin); Oleksandr Talavera (DIW Berlin) |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically investigates the link between political patronage and bank performance for Ukraine during 2003Q3-2005Q2. We find significant differences between politically affiliated and non-affiliated banks. We present evidence that affiliated banks have significantly lower interest margins. Politically affiliated banks also seem to increase their capital ratio. We conjecture that the reason behind these behavioral differences is to attract foreign investors; we report several mergers that recently took place between affiliated and foreign banks. |
| Keywords: | Political patronage, Ukraine, banking |
| JEL: | G32 G38 |
| Date: | 2007–02–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:657&r=cwa |
| By: | Burcu Gurcihan; Erdal Yilmaz |
| Date: | 2007 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:0702&r=cwa |
| By: | Mustafizur Rahman; Asif Anwar |
| Abstract: | The paper tries to focus whether China's ascendancy will have any tangible impact on Bangladesh's export oriented RMG sector and identifies some of the apparel categories in which both the countries have common interests in the US market by analyzing the RCA index and recent performance of both the countries in view of the recent US-China MoU. The paper tries to assess the impact of China's accession to the WTO on Bangladesh's export oriented apparels sector by undertaking an indepth examination of the relative competitiveness correlates of Bangladesh and China in the US market and study their implications for Bangladesh's apparels export to the US market. Towards this, the study investigates the export performance of Bangladesh and China in the US market and price dynamics, and identifies the sources of strengths and weaknesses of Bangladesh vis-à-vis China. |
| Keywords: | Apparels, Export, US market, China, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2006–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:opaper:62&r=cwa |