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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Tsujita, Yuko |
| Abstract: | This paper examines social sector expenditures in fifteen Indian states between 1980/81 and 1999/2000 to find out whether the far-reaching economic reforms that began in 1991 had any significant impact on the level and trend of these expenditures; and if there was any such impact, what were the reasons behind the ensuing changes. The empirical analysis in this study shows that revenue became a major determinant of social sector expenditures from the mid 1980s with the result that real per capita social sector expenditures in most states started to decline even before the economic reforms began as states' fiscal deficits worsened in the 1980s. Economic reforms, therefore, largely did not have a major negative impact on expenditures. In fact there was a positive impact on some states, which often were those that received more foreign aid than other states. By the late 1990s, states expending more on the social sector changed from states with a traditionally strong commitment to the social sector, such as Kerala, to states having higher revenues including aid from outside the country. |
| Keywords: | Economic reform, Public expenditures, Social sector, Economic policy, India |
| JEL: | H51 H52 H72 I19 I22 |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper31&r=cwa |
| By: | Rauf Gonenc; Gokhan Yilmaz |
| Date: | 2007 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:0701&r=cwa |
| By: | Rahman, Pk. Md. Motiur; Yamagata, Tatsufumi |
| Abstract: | The empirical regularities of the Bangladesh business and seasonal cycles are documented in this study. Spectrums, seasonality, volatility, cyclicality, and persistence in the level and variance of macroeconomic variables in Bangladesh are explored using monthly and quarterly macroeconomic series. Most of the features of U.S. and East-Southeast Asian business cycles are common to Bangladeshi business cycles; however, there are some differences. As is seen in the U.S. and European economies, seasonal cycles accentuate the features of business cycles in Bangladesh. To our surprise, the seasonal cycles in Bangladesh embody the features of business cycles in the U.S. and East-Southeast Asian economies more thoroughly than they do the business cycles in Bangladesh. |
| Keywords: | Business cycles, Seasonal cycles, Bangladesh |
| JEL: | E32 O53 |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper1&r=cwa |
| By: | Suzuki, Hitoshi |
| Abstract: | The following paper is based on the author's two-year research and fieldwork in Iran and examines the process of political and social changes since the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent impact of the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88. This paper focuses on the transition of traditional, small villages into rÅ«stÄ-shahr or small rural cities and the first and second nation-wide elections of shourÄ or councils which were the first steps toward self-government. The author is guardedly optimistic regarding this democratic process but warns of possible future social unrest if changes are not more “balanced†between cities and rural areas and if the employment needs of the burgeoning younger generation are not met, political and social consequences may be catastrophic. |
| Keywords: | Iran, Rural society　(societies), Social transformation, Local election, Democratization, Politics, Rural development, Social change, Elections |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper19&r=cwa |
| By: | Rudiger Ahrend; Donato de Rosa; William Tompson |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the development of Russian industry in comparison with that of Ukrainian industry during 1995–2004 in an effort to ascertain to what extent, if any, Russian manufacturing showed signs of succumbing to ‘Dutch disease’. Ukraine and Russia began the market transition with broadly similar institutions, industrial structures and levels of technology, and the economic reforms implemented in the two countries were also similar, although Ukraine was reckoned to lag behind Russia in many areas. The main difference between them is Russia’s far greater resource wealth. It follows that differences in industrial development since 1991 may to some degree be attributable to differences in initial natural resource endowments. In short, Ukraine could provide a rough approximation of how a resource-poor Russia might have developed over the transition. <P>Le secteur manufacturier russe et la menace du « syndrome néerlandais » Comparaison du développement de la compétitivité des industries russe et ukrainienne <BR>Cette étude analyse le développement de l’industrie russe en le comparant avec celui de l’industrie ukrainienne sur la période 1995-2004, afin d’établir - si tel était le cas - dans quelle mesure l’industrie manufacturière en Russie serait affectée par le ‘syndrome néerlandais’. L’Ukraine et la Russie ont commencé leur transition vers l’économie de marché avec des institutions, des structures industrielles et des niveaux de technologie globalement similaires et les réformes mises en œuvre dans les deux pays ont également suivi une voie similaire, même si l’Ukraine est considérée comme étant en retard par rapport à la Russie dans beaucoup de domaines. La différence principale entre les deux pays est la richesse en ressources naturelles, bien plus importante en Russie. Il en résulte que les différences dans le développement industriel depuis 1991 peuvent, dans une certaine mesure, être attribuées aux différences de dotations intiales en ressources naturelles. En résumé, l’Ukraine peut fournir une approximation fruste de la manière dont une Russie pauvre en ressources naturelles aurait pu se développer sur la période de transition. |
| Keywords: | productivity, productivité, transition, transition, restructuring, restructuration, gas, gaz, Russia, Russie, natural resources, dutch disease, oil, ressources naturelles, syndrome néerlandais, pétrole, industry, competitiveness, revealed comparative advantage, unit labour costs, industrie, compétitivité, avantage comparatif révélé, coût unitaire de main-d'œuvre, salaires, wages, Ukraine, Ukraine |
| JEL: | J24 L60 O57 P23 P27 Q33 |
| Date: | 2007–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:540-en&r=cwa |