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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Raghbendra Jha; Raghav Gaiha; Anurag Sharma |
| Abstract: | This paper reports on mean consumption, poverty (all three FGT measures) and inequality during January to June 2004 for rural India using National sample Survey (NSS) data for the 60th Round. Mean consumption at the national level is much higher than the poverty line. However, the Gini coefficient is higher than in recent earlier rounds. The headcount ratio using the thirty day recall is 22.9 per cent and with the seven day recall this stands at 17.9 per cent and, with the combined data, this figure is 20.6 per cent. Mean consumption, all three measures of poverty and the Gini coefficient are computed at the level of 20 states and 63 NSS regions in these 20 states. It is surmised that despite impressive growth rates deprivation is pervasive, pockets of severe poverty persist, and inequality is rampant. |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:asarcc:2006-11&r=cwa |
| By: | Vivi Alatas; Lisa Cameron; Ananish Chaudhuri; Nisvan Erkal; Lata Gangadharan |
| Abstract: | In recent years, a substantial body of work has emerged in the social sciences exploring differences in the behavior of men and women in various contexts. This paper contributes to this literature by investigating gender differences in attitudes towards corruption. It departs from the previous literature on gender and corruption by using experimental methodology. Attitudes towards corruption play a critical role in the persistence of corruption. Based on experimental data collected in Australia (Melbourne), India (Delhi), Indonesia (Jakarta) and Singapore, we show that while women in Australia are less tolerant of corruption than men in Australia, there are no significant gender differences in attitudes towards corruption in India, Indonesia and Singapore. Hence, our findings suggest that the gender differences found in the previous studies may not be nearly as universal as stated and may be more culture-specific. We also explore behavioral differences by gender across countries and find that there are larger variations in women’s attitudes towards corruption than in men’s across the countries in our sample. |
| Keywords: | Gender, Corruption, Experiments, Punishment, Multicultural Analysis |
| JEL: | C91 J16 K42 O12 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mlb:wpaper:974&r=cwa |
| By: | Jake Kendall (University of California, Santa Cruz); Nirvikar Singh (University of California, Santa Cruz) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we investigate an example of a very widely applied model for the delivery of IT services to rural and poor populations. The model is one where limited intervention to support infrastructure and coordinate resources is combined with market-based delivery of IT services to the end user (what we call here the “sustainable franchise model”). Though this model has been deployed world-wide by governments, NGOs, and development institutions in the past few years, few researchers have studied the determinants of success in such a model. In this paper we examine the example of n-Logue, a franchise of over 1000 locally-owned, internet kiosks in rural villages in India. We seek to assess how this new sustainable franchise model has worked in practice by analyzing data from 74 of n-Logue’s kiosks. Among other things, we find that gender and education do not affect success, while location and other measures of social standing (age and caste) do. We also find that the uses that villagers have for IT services are not so different from those which first world users have. The lessons we draw from this example are that while local customs and practices must be taken into account (e.g. the caste system), it is not a foregone conclusion that social biases (e.g. against women) cannot be mitigated by good program design. |
| Date: | 2006–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:net:wpaper:0605&r=cwa |
| By: | Liew, Venus Khim-Sen; Lee, Hock-Ann; Lim, Kian-Ping; Lee, Huay-Huay |
| Abstract: | The linearity and stationarity of the real exchange rates of India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are investigated using formal linearity and the recently developed nonlinear stationary test procedures. Results obtained show that these real exchange rates are stationary albeit the presence of nonlinearity. |
| Keywords: | Nonlinearity; Real exchange rates; South Asia; linearity test; nonlinear stationary test |
| JEL: | N15 F14 C51 |
| Date: | 2006–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:517&r=cwa |
| By: | Pandey, Adya Prasad |
| Abstract: | Education is the most important instrument for human resource development. Education of girls therefore, occupies top priority amongst various measures taken to improve the status of the girl child. The government has resolved to make the right to free and compulsory elementary education a Fundamental Right and to enforce it through suitable statutory measures. Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) has been accepted as a national goal since 1950. In order to achieve the goal, concerted efforts have been made and as a result, the elementary education system in India has become one of the largest in the world. The primary education enrolment rates of girls have a positive impact on economic well-being of women, their families and society in the long run. Since the mother carries the main burden of looking after the health of her child, how well she does this task depends on the knowledge and confidence that she gains from education. |
| Keywords: | Gender Disparities ediucation needs community participation; appandey; adyaprasad pandey; bhu; varanasi |
| JEL: | I31 A1 A19 |
| Date: | 2006–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:622&r=cwa |
| By: | Feridun, Mete |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to test the efficiency of the Turkish Markets in terms of the monthly inflation announcement effect. The study examines the reaction of the financial services sector to monthly inflation announcements, particularly, in case of unexpectedly low or high levels of inflation. Strong evidence emerges that the Turkish financial services sector does not react significantly to the announcements that are in line with the expectations. In other words, the cumulative abnormal returns around such inflation announcements are not significantly different from 0. The results of the robustness tests for no news, indicate that the t-statistics calculated by means of the Moving Average Approach are insignificant for the sector, which is in line with the results of the original approach. The results of the two robustness tests are found to be supporting the original findings of the adaptive approach. |
| Keywords: | Abnormal Returns (ARs); Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CARs); effects of macroeconomic announcements |
| JEL: | G1 |
| Date: | 2005–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:732&r=cwa |