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on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | U.N. Bhati; Raghbendra Jha |
| Abstract: | Radical economic reform programs initiated in India have led to a sharp rise in the trend rate of growth for India’s economy. The rapid economic growth and socio-economic developments in India have boosted the country’s consumption of many goods and services, including paper and paperboard. As the rapid economic growth and other developments continue, consumption of paper and paperboard in India will accelerate. The paper industry of India has however not been able fully to meet the consumption needs of its domestic market. Nor is it likely to do so for the foreseeable future when the country’s consumption will be even greater. This is mainly because the industry is beset with problems such as a shortage of domestic supply of papermaking fibre, obsolete technology, and comparatively high cost of production. The situation thus presents a potential opportunity for the forest products industries of Australia and other countries to benefit from India’s domestic market for paper, paperboard, pulp, recovered paper, pulpwood and related services. |
| JEL: | D12 D18 D69 O12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pas:asarcc:2006-05&r=cwa |
| By: | Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso; Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann D. |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze separately the determinants of maritime transport and road transport costs for Spanish exports to Poland and Turkey (markets for which maritime and road transport are competing modes) and investigate the different effects of these costs on international trade. First, we investigate the extent to which maritime and road transport costs depend on different factors such as unit values, distances, transport conditions, service structures, and service quality. Second, we analyze the relative importance of road and maritime transport costs in comparison with distance measures as determinants of trade flows. The main results of this investigation indicate that real distance is not a good proxy for transportation costs and identify the central variables influencing road and maritime transportation costs: for both modes, transport conditions are strong determinants, whereas efficiency and service quality are more important for maritime transport costs, and geographical distance is more important for road transport. Road and maritime transport costs are central explanatory factors of exports and they seem to deter trade to a greater extent than road or maritime transit time when endogeneity is considered. |
| Keywords: | transport costs, transport mode, Spanish exports, international trade |
| JEL: | F1 O1 O55 |
| Date: | 2006–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:got:cegedp:54&r=cwa |
| By: | Mathew Kurian; Ton Dietz (International Water Management Institute; Dept of Geography Univ of Amsterdam) |
| Keywords: | Watershed management, Participatory management, Poverty, Farm income, Labor, Households, Women, Forest management, Dams, Irrigated farming, Case studies, |
| Date: | 2005–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:worppr:h037220&r=cwa |
| By: | Ifat Maoz; Ilan Yaniv; Naama Ivri |
| Date: | 2006–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cla:levrem:321307000000000065&r=cwa |
| By: | Balázs Égert; ; |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the importance of the Balassa-Samuelson effect for two acceding countries (Bulgaria and Romania), two accession countries (Croatia and Turkey) and two CIS countries (Russia and Ukraine). The paper first studies the basic assumptions of the Balassa-Samuelson effect using yearly data, and then undertakes an econometric analysis of the assumptions on the basis of monthly data. The results suggest that for most of the countries, there is either amplification or attenuation, implying that any increase in the open sector’s productivity feeds onto changes in the relative price of non-tradables either imperfectly or in an over-proportionate manner. With these results as a background, the size of the Balassa-Samuelson effect is derived. For this purpose, a number of different sectoral classification schemes are used to group sectors into open and closed sectors, which makes a difference for some of the countries. The Balassa-Samuelson effect is found to play only a limited role for inflation and real exchange rate determination, and it seems to be roughly in line with earlier findings for the eight new EU member states of Central and Eastern Europe. |
| Keywords: | Balassa-Samuelson effect, productivity, inflation, real exchange rate, transition, South Eastern Europe, CIS, Turkey |
| JEL: | E31 O11 P17 |
| Date: | 2005–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wdi:papers:2005-796&r=cwa |