|
on Central and Western Asia |
| By: | Gautam Hazarika (University of Texas at Brownsville and IZA Bonn); Arjun S. Bedi (Institute of Social Studies, The Hague) |
| Abstract: | It is widely held that work by children obstructs schooling, so that working children in impoverished families will find it difficult to escape poverty. If children’s school attendance and work were highly substitutable activities, it would be advisable to quell work in the interest of schooling and, if less child work were desirable for its own sake, to boost school attendance so as to reduce child work. Hence, this article examines the effects of schooling costs upon both children’s propensities to work and to attend school in rural northern India in a bid to assess the extent of trade-off between the activities. Analyses of data from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, two Northern Indian states, reveal a positive relation between child work and schooling costs, a negative relation between school enrollment and schooling costs, and that the decrease in the probability of child work from a decrease in schooling costs is comparable in magnitude to the corresponding increase in the probability of school enrollment, implying children’s work and school attendance are strongly substitutable activities. Thus, unlike recent studies of child work in India’s South Asian neighbors of Bangladesh and Pakistan, this paper uncovers evidence of substantial trade-off between child work and school attendance. |
| Keywords: | child labor, schooling costs, India |
| JEL: | J22 O12 |
| Date: | 2006–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp2136&r=cwa |
| By: | Gauthier Lanot (Keele University, Department of Economics); Peter Lawrence (Keele University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Changes in financial policy are expected to result in the greater availability of credit as financial controls are relaxed and banking competition is increased. This ‘financial deepening’ should show up in ahigher consumption expenditure in areas where credit is often required, such as durable consumption, education and health. We use the household consumption data collected by India’s National Sample Survey Organisation for 11 rounds which straddle the period before and during financial liberalization (i.e. 1987-2000).We generate measures of the within-households shifts in distribution of consumption and see how far these are correlated with financial development variables. We find that at the macro level, financial depth did not increase from the beginning to the end of the period under study. However we did find some association between some of the financial development variables and expenditure on durables goods, although the changes in behaviour are very small. |
| Keywords: | Financial liberalization, financial depth, durables, household consumption, credit. |
| JEL: | D12 O12 O16 O23 |
| Date: | 2005–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kee:kerpuk:2005/15&r=cwa |
| By: | Manisha Chakrabarty (Keele University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the issue of gender bias in a broader context by constructing a multidimensional index of deprivation of daughters. Using the recently available World Bank LSMS data on the two most populated and poverty ridden states of India, we apply ordered logit regression analysis to investigate the determinants of degree of son preference based on this index of gender bias. It is observed that economic betterment surely affects negatively this broad measure of gender bias in addition to mother’s education. Yet the effect of the agricultural livelihood increases the incidence of bias. Another finding is in relation to the effectiveness of basic education and health facilities like schools and health centers rather than any specific Government anti-poverty or targeted development programmes. |
| Keywords: | Gender Bias, Principal Component Analysis, Ordered Logit Regression |
| JEL: | C25 D63 J13 J16 |
| Date: | 2005–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kee:kerpuk:2005/02&r=cwa |
| By: | Sasidharan, Subash (Indian Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | During the recent period, we observe that many countries compete with each other to attract foreign investment. When MNCs invest in a host country, it is assumed that a part of their technology spills to the host country firms. But the empirical studies on spillover effects of FDI have failed to find robust empirical results about the possibility of positive spillover effects. This study is an attempt to empirically examine the spillover effects from the entry of foreign firms using firm level data of Indian manufacturing industries for the period 1994-2002. We consider both the horizontal and vertical spillover effects of FDI. Consistent with the findings of the previous studies, we find no evidence of significant horizontal spillover effects. In contrast, we find negative vertical spillover effects, although it is not statistically significant. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, Horizontal Spillover, Vertical Spillover, Panel Data |
| JEL: | F2 O1 O3 C5 |
| Date: | 2006 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2006010&r=cwa |
| By: | Ifat Maoz; Ilan Yaniv; Naama Ivri |
| Abstract: | The purpose of the study is to explore, in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the influence of framing a decision task as inclusion or exclusion on Israeli-Jewish respondents' support for the concession of Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza. Respondents received a list of 40 Jewish settlements. Details such as the number of residents and geographical location were provided for each settlement. The respondents were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In the inclusion condition 55 respondents were asked to mark the settlements for which they recommended that Israeli sovereignty be conceded. In the exclusion condition 53 respondents were asked to mark the settlements for which they recommended that Israeli sovereignty not be conceded. The findings confirm the predictions tested and indicate that: (1) Framing the task in terms of inclusion or exclusion affects respondents' support for territorial compromise, so that respondents in the exclusion condition support the concession of more settlements than respondents in the inclusion condition. (2) Framing the task in terms of inclusion or exclusion has a greater effect on support for conceding options (settlements) that are perceived as ambiguous (less consensual in the climate of opinion) in comparison to options (settlements) that are perceived as more clear-cut (more consensual). The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. |
| Date: | 2006–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:huj:dispap:dp423&r=cwa |
| By: | Laeven, Luc; Beck, Thorsten |
| Abstract: | There is a wide cross-country variation in the institutional structure of bank failure resolution, including the role of the deposit insurer. The authors use quantitative analysis for 57 countries and discuss specific country cases to illustrate this variation. Using data for over 1,700 banks across 57 countries, they show that banks in countries where the deposit insurer has the responsibility of intervening failed banks and the power to revoke membership in the deposit insurance scheme are more stable and less likely to become insolvent. Involvement of the deposit insurer in bank failure resolution thus dampens the negative effect that deposit insurance has on banks ' risk taking. |
| Keywords: | Banks & Banking Reform,Financial Crisis Management & Restructuring,Financial Intermediation,Corporate Law,Insurance & Risk Mitigation |
| Date: | 2006–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:3920&r=cwa |